ATI RN
Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client has malignant lymphoma. As part of her chemotherapy, the physician prescribes chlorambucil (Leukeran), 10mg by mouth daily. When caring for the client, the nurse teaches her about adverse reactions to chlorambucil, such as alopecia. How soon after the first administration of chorambucil might this reaction occur?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alopecia (hair loss) is a common adverse reaction to chlorambucil, which typically occurs within 2 to 3 weeks of starting treatment. This is because chemotherapy drugs like chlorambucil target rapidly dividing cells, which also includes hair follicles leading to hair loss. Patients should be informed about this potential side effect so that they can be prepared for it and explore options like wearing wigs or scarves if they wish.
Question 2 of 5
The most significant form of meningitis is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacterial meningitis is considered the most significant form of meningitis because it is a serious, life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Bacterial meningitis is caused by bacteria infecting the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It can lead to complications such as brain damage, hearing loss, and even death if not treated promptly with antibiotics. Bacterial meningitis is more severe than viral or aseptic meningitis, hence why it is considered the most significant form.
Question 3 of 5
An adolescent patient with chronic asthma, who has been hospitalized several times during the winter with severe asthmatic exacerbations, confides, 'I wish I could stay here in the hospital because every time I go home, I get sick again!' What is the pediatric nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discussing strategies to manage asthma at home empowers the patient and addresses the root cause of recurrent exacerbations.
Question 4 of 5
The baby with newly diagnosed diabetes is displaying shakiness, confusion, irritability, and slurred speech. What should the nurse suspect is happening?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The baby's symptoms of shakiness, confusion, irritability, and slurred speech are indicative of hypoglycemia, which is low blood sugar. In a baby with newly diagnosed diabetes, the administration of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may have led to excessive lowering of blood glucose levels, causing these symptoms to manifest. It is crucial to address hypoglycemia promptly by administering a rapid-acting carbohydrate source such as glucose gel or juice to raise blood sugar levels back to normal range. Left untreated, severe hypoglycemia can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and potential long-term neurological damage. It is important for healthcare providers and caregivers to be vigilant in monitoring blood glucose levels in babies newly diagnosed with diabetes to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia.
Question 5 of 5
To decrease the likelihood of bradyarrhythmias in children during endotracheal intubation, succinylcholine(Anectine) is used with which of the following agents?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Succinylcholine administration can lead to bradycardia or bradyarrhythmias in children due to its depolarizing neuromuscular blockade effects. To counteract this detrimental effect and decrease the likelihood of bradyarrhythmias, atropine sulfate is commonly used in conjunction with succinylcholine. Atropine, an anticholinergic agent, works by blocking the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors, which helps prevent vagal-induced bradycardia. This approach is especially important in pediatric patients to maintain a stable heart rate and hemodynamic status during endotracheal intubation.