A client has just had surgery for colon cancer. Which of the following disorders might the client develop?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of a client who has undergone surgery for colon cancer, the correct answer is "C) Partial bowel obstruction." This is because following abdominal surgery, especially in the case of cancer resection, there is a risk of postoperative complications such as adhesions or scar tissue formation that can lead to partial bowel obstruction. This complication occurs due to the narrowing of the intestinal lumen, which can impede the passage of stool and gas. Option A) Peritonitis is incorrect in this scenario because peritonitis typically results from a perforation in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to the inflammation of the peritoneum. While it can be a complication of gastrointestinal surgery, it is not directly associated with colon cancer surgery unless there is a perforation during the procedure. Option B) Diverticulosis is unlikely to develop immediately post colon cancer surgery as it is a chronic condition characterized by the presence of diverticula in the colon wall. It is not a common immediate complication following surgery unless the patient already had diverticulosis prior to the cancer surgery. Option D) Complete bowel obstruction is less likely in this case as it is a more severe condition where the intestinal contents are completely blocked, often requiring urgent medical intervention. While it can occur as a complication of various conditions, it is not the most likely disorder to develop immediately after colon cancer surgery. Understanding the potential postoperative complications following colon cancer surgery is crucial for nurses caring for these patients. Being able to recognize and anticipate complications like partial bowel obstruction can lead to timely interventions and improved patient outcomes. Nurses should closely monitor for signs and symptoms of bowel obstruction in postoperative patients and collaborate with the healthcare team to provide appropriate care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of diagnosing gastric cancer, the correct diagnostic test is gastroscopy (option C). Gastroscopy, also known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), allows direct visualization of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach lining. This procedure is essential for detecting any abnormal growths, such as tumors or ulcers, that may indicate gastric cancer. Option A, a barium enema, is used to visualize the colon and rectum, making it an inappropriate choice for diagnosing gastric cancer. Colonoscopy (option B) is a procedure that examines the large intestine and is not specific to evaluating the stomach for cancerous growths. Serum chemistry levels (option D) are blood tests that provide information about the body's overall health but are not specific to diagnosing gastric cancer. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate diagnostic tests for different conditions is crucial for nurses working in medical-surgical settings. Knowing when to recommend specific tests based on a patient's symptoms and clinical presentation can lead to timely diagnoses and interventions. Gaining proficiency in interpreting diagnostic test results is a valuable skill that enhances a nurse's ability to provide comprehensive care to patients with gastrointestinal issues, including suspected gastric cancer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a client with gastric cancer scheduled for surgery, the nursing management priority for the preoperative period should be the correction of nutritional deficits (Option B). This is because individuals with gastric cancer often suffer from malnutrition due to the tumor's effects on eating and digestion. Correcting these deficits before surgery is crucial to optimize the client's nutritional status, improve wound healing, and enhance overall recovery outcomes postoperatively. Discharge planning (Option A) is important but is typically addressed closer to the time of discharge or postoperatively. Prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (Option C) is essential in the perioperative period, but addressing nutritional deficits takes precedence as it directly impacts the client's ability to tolerate surgery and recover effectively. Instruction regarding radiation treatment (Option D) is not the priority for a preoperative client with gastric cancer who is scheduled for surgery, as the immediate focus should be on preparing the client for the upcoming procedure. From an educational perspective, understanding the rationale behind prioritizing correction of nutritional deficits in preoperative care for clients with gastric cancer not only reinforces the importance of holistic patient care but also highlights the significant impact that nutritional status can have on surgical outcomes and recovery. Nursing students need to grasp the critical role of nutrition in the preoperative period to provide optimal care to clients undergoing surgical interventions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of caring for a postoperative client after gastric resection, focusing on nutritional needs (Option B) is paramount. This surgery involves the removal or alteration of a portion of the stomach, impacting the client's ability to digest and absorb nutrients effectively. Postoperatively, patients may experience changes in dietary requirements, malabsorption issues, or the need for specialized diets to prevent complications like malnutrition or dumping syndrome. Focusing on body image (Option A) is important for the client's psychological well-being, but in the immediate postoperative phase, ensuring adequate nutrition takes precedence over body image concerns. Skin care (Option C) is essential for preventing pressure ulcers in immobile patients but is not the primary concern after gastric resection. Addressing spiritual needs (Option D) is significant for holistic care, but it is not as critical as ensuring proper nutrition for recovery after this type of surgery. Educationally, understanding the priority of care post-gastric resection helps nursing students and healthcare professionals provide evidence-based and patient-centered care. It reinforces the importance of prioritizing interventions based on the client's physiological needs and the surgical procedure performed, ultimately promoting better outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Dumping syndrome. Dumping syndrome is a common complication following gastric resection where food passes too quickly into the small intestine, leading to symptoms like abdominal cramps, diarrhea, sweating, and weakness. It is crucial for the nurse to educate the client on recognizing these symptoms to manage them effectively. Option A) Constipation is incorrect because gastric resection typically leads to the opposite issue of diarrhea due to rapid transit of food through the digestive system post-surgery. Option C) Gastric spasm is incorrect as it is not a common complication of gastric resection; therefore, it is not a priority for client education. Option D) Intestinal spasms is incorrect as well, as this is not a typical complication following gastric resection. In an educational context, understanding these complications is vital for nurses caring for clients post-gastric resection. By teaching clients about potential issues like dumping syndrome and its symptoms, nurses empower clients to recognize and manage these complications effectively, improving their overall post-operative outcomes and quality of life.