ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hypertension. Which medication could the client safely receive for hypertension?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Terazosin, an alpha-1 adrenergic blocker, treats both hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by relaxing smooth muscle in blood vessels and the prostate, lowering blood pressure and easing urinary symptoms. Sildenafil, used for erectile dysfunction, doesn't address hypertension or BPH and may cause hypotension, making it unsuitable here. Finasteride, a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, shrinks the prostate for BPH but has no effect on blood pressure, missing the dual need. Tamsulosin, another alpha-1 blocker, relieves BPH symptoms but isn't typically used for routine hypertension management and risks severe hypotension. Terazosin's dual action makes it uniquely safe and effective, addressing both conditions without exacerbating either, unlike the others, which lack hypertensive benefits or pose risks in this context.
Question 2 of 5
Fundamental action of vaccines :
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The fundamental action of vaccines is prophylaxis, which means the prevention of disease. Vaccines are designed to stimulate the body's immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens before they cause infection or illness. By introducing a weakened or inactivated form of the pathogen to the body, vaccines trigger an immune response and teach the immune system how to recognize and destroy the pathogen in the future. Through prophylaxis, vaccines help protect individuals from getting sick with certain diseases.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking Digoxin. The nurse should instruct the patient to monitor and report which of the following adverse effects? ( select all the apply)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Monitoring and reporting adverse effects of digoxin are crucial to ensure the patient's safety.
Question 4 of 5
Mandy, a patient, calls the clinic today because he is taking atorvastatin (Lipitor) to treat his high cholesterol and is having pain in both of his legs. You instruct him to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, with the patient experiencing leg pain while taking atorvastatin (Lipitor), a medication commonly used to treat high cholesterol, it is essential to prioritize the patient's safety and well-being. Leg pain can be a sign of a rare but serious side effect known as rhabdomyolysis, which can lead to muscle breakdown and potentially affect kidney function. Therefore, it is crucial to immediately discontinue the medication (atorvastatin) and have the patient come in to the clinic to be seen today for further evaluation and management. This will allow healthcare providers to assess the severity of the leg pain, conduct necessary tests, and determine the appropriate course of action to ensure the patient's health and safety.
Question 5 of 5
Digoxin has a half-life of approximately 40 hours if renal function is normal. How long will it take to reach >90 per cent of the steady state plasma concentration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Steady-state concentration is reached after 4-5 half-lives, when drug input equals output. Digoxin's half-life is 40 hours (1.67 days). Four half-lives is 4 × 40 = 160 hours (6.67 days), and five is 200 hours (8.33 days). Over 90% steady state occurs around 4 half-lives, roughly 6-7 days. Two days (48 hours) is only ~1.2 half-lives, far too short. Ten days (~6 half-lives) exceeds 90%, but 7 days (~4.2 half-lives) aligns with >90% (e.g., 94% at 4 half-lives). Fourteen or 18 days overshoot unnecessarily. Seven days balances precision and practicality, guiding digoxin dosing timelines in heart failure or arrhythmias.