ATI RN
ATI Practice Exam Pharmacology The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client has been using sildenafil (Viagra) for several months. Which client reports would the nurse interpret as an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sildenafil (Viagra) commonly causes nasal congestion due to vasodilation affecting nasal blood vessels, a frequent adverse effect tied to its mechanism. Earache isn't a recognized side effect-sildenafil targets vascular smooth muscle, not auditory systems. Blurry vision occurs from PDE-6 inhibition in the retina, another known issue. Priapism, a sustained erection, is a rare but serious risk requiring urgent care. Nasal congestion stands out as a typical, manageable effect, reflecting sildenafil's systemic vasodilatory impact, distinct from less common visual or emergent issues, and aligns with patient reports needing monitoring.
Question 2 of 5
The patient has been treated by the same physician for 2 years and has had insomnia the entire time. Many different medications have been tried with limited success. What should be the nurse's primary assessment at this time?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Persistent insomnia despite meds suggests a primary disorder like sleep apnea-e.g., obstructed breathing disrupts sleep-needing assessment (e.g., EEG), not just med failure. Selling meds lacks evidence. Addiction or personality disorders don't explain resistance. Sleep apnea fits chronicity, per sleep science.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse teaches a class for college students about osteoporosis. What is the best information to include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) Prevention of osteoporosis begins in early adulthood. This is the best information to include because osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone density, making bones weak and susceptible to fractures. Educating college students about the importance of building strong bones early in life through proper nutrition, weight-bearing exercises, and adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D is crucial in preventing osteoporosis later in life. Option B) is incorrect because while medications can be prescribed to treat osteoporosis, they are not the primary method of prevention. Prevention strategies focusing on lifestyle modifications are key. Option C) is incorrect as osteoporosis is not inevitable with aging. While aging is a risk factor for osteoporosis, it is not a guaranteed outcome, especially if preventive measures are taken. Option D) is incorrect because men are also at risk for osteoporosis, although it is more commonly associated with women. Men should also be educated about bone health and preventive measures to reduce their risk of developing osteoporosis. In an educational context, it is important to emphasize to college students that building healthy habits early on can have a significant impact on their long-term bone health. By understanding the importance of preventative measures and lifestyle choices, individuals can take proactive steps to reduce their risk of developing osteoporosis later in life.
Question 4 of 5
A 43-year-old Caucasian woman complains that her irises have been darkening. She says that she has been taking a drug for years to treat her glaucoma. Which of the following drugs is most likely causing the increased pigmentation of her irises?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Iris darkening in glaucoma treatment points to Latanoprost , a prostaglandin analog. It increases melanin in iridial melanocytes, a known side effect. Acetazolamide , a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, Epinephrine , Pilocarpine , and Timolol (E) don't cause this. Latanoprost's cosmetic effect is well-documented, fitting her long-term use.
Question 5 of 5
A 26-year-old alcoholic man is trying to quit drinking. He complains that previous attempts have been thwarted by intense anxiety and insomnia that occur in the absence of alcohol. These symptoms disappear when he resumes alcohol use. Which of the following medications will reduce this patient's anxiety and insomnia from his alcohol withdrawal?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Methadone. Methadone is a synthetic opioid agonist that can help alleviate the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, including anxiety and insomnia, by reducing the severity of withdrawal symptoms. Methadone works by binding to the same receptors in the brain as alcohol, helping to stabilize the individual during the withdrawal process. A) Acamprosate is used to help maintain abstinence in individuals who have already stopped drinking alcohol. It does not directly address the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal like anxiety and insomnia. B) Disulfiram is used to create an unpleasant reaction when alcohol is consumed, discouraging individuals from drinking. It does not help with managing withdrawal symptoms like anxiety and insomnia. D) Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist that is used to reduce alcohol cravings and the pleasurable effects of drinking. While it can be helpful in preventing relapse, it does not directly address the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal like anxiety and insomnia. Educationally, it is important to understand the pharmacological interventions available for managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms and the specific mechanisms of action of each medication. This knowledge is crucial for healthcare professionals working with individuals struggling with alcohol use disorder to provide effective and evidence-based care.