A client has been receiving chemotherapy to treat cancer. Which assessment finding suggests that the client has developed stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth)?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Stomatitis is a common side effect of chemotherapy characterized by inflammation and irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth. This can present as red, painful sores or ulcers on the oral mucosa. The presence of red, open sores in the mouth is indicative of stomatitis and warrants assessment and intervention to manage discomfort and prevent infection in the oral cavity. The other options are not typically associated with stomatitis in the context of chemotherapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Leucovorin, also known as folinic acid, is given concurrently with methotrexate therapy to protect normal cells from the toxic effects of methotrexate. Methotrexate is a folate antagonist that affects both cancer cells and normal cells. Leucovorin is a reduced form of folic acid that bypasses the enzyme targeted by methotrexate, allowing normal cells to continue using folate for DNA synthesis. This rescue therapy helps prevent or reduce the side effects of methotrexate, such as mucositis, myelosuppression, and other toxic effects on normal cells. It is important to administer leucovorin at the appropriate times following methotrexate administration to maximize its protective effect while maintaining the efficacy of the chemotherapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best response for the nurse to provide in this situation is to offer the client the option to talk to a psychologist about their thoughts and feelings. This demonstrates the nurse's understanding and compassion towards the client's emotional struggles and the complexity of their situation. By suggesting a professional to talk to, the nurse can provide the client with the appropriate support and guidance to help them navigate their feelings of wanting to be allowed to die. It also allows the client to voice their concerns and emotions with a trained professional who can offer them coping strategies and support tailored to their individual needs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A biopsy is a diagnostic procedure that involves the removal of a small sample of tissue or cells from the body for examination under a microscope. This is done to determine the presence of abnormal or malignant cells, which can indicate the presence of cancer or other diseases. Biopsies are often performed when there is a suspicion of cancer based on imaging studies or other clinical findings. Detecting malignant cells through a biopsy is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. Early detection of cancer through biopsy can significantly improve the prognosis and survival rates of patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When ambulating a patient for the first time postoperatively, it is crucial to ensure patient safety by using two people to assist the patient. This helps in providing adequate support and stability, especially if the patient is weak, dizzy, or at risk of falling. Having two people allows for better control over the patient's movement and reduces the risk of accidents or falls during ambulation. Additionally, having an extra person provides assistance in case the patient becomes unsteady or requires immediate support.