A client has been prescribed Afrin nasal spray for seasonal rhinitis. The nurse will provide which of the following instructions?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) limit use of spray to 5 days or less. This instruction is crucial because prolonged use of Afrin nasal spray can lead to rebound congestion, where the nasal passages become more congested when the medication wears off, creating a cycle of dependency. By limiting use to 5 days, the client can avoid this rebound effect. Option B) is incorrect because Afrin nasal spray is a decongestant and typically does not cause sedation. Option C) is incorrect because Afrin nasal spray can be used with antihistamines if needed, but caution should be taken with combination products that already contain a decongestant. Option D) is incorrect because Afrin nasal spray is not meant for long-term or as-needed use due to the risk of rebound congestion. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand the potential side effects and risks associated with pharmacological treatments like Afrin nasal spray to provide safe and effective care to clients. Proper patient education on medication use is essential to prevent adverse effects and ensure optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Methimazole (Tapazole) because the patient has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease), which is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland. Methimazole is an antithyroid medication that works by inhibiting the production of thyroid hormones, thus helping to normalize the elevated levels seen in hyperthyroidism. Option A) Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl, et) is used to treat hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) by providing synthetic thyroid hormone. Using this medication in a patient with hyperthyroidism would exacerbate the condition. Option B) Liothyronine sodium (Cytomel) is also a thyroid hormone replacement medication used for hypothyroidism, not for treating hyperthyroidism. Option D) Levothyroxine/Liothyronine combo (Armour Thyroid, NP, et) is a combination thyroid medication typically used for hypothyroidism and would not be appropriate for a patient with hyperthyroidism. Educationally, understanding the differences between various thyroid medications and their indications is crucial for healthcare providers to make accurate treatment decisions based on a patient's specific diagnosis and condition. This case highlights the importance of matching the right medication to the correct thyroid disorder to ensure effective management and positive patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) TCAs (and MAOIs) can increase the risk of tachycardia and angina when taken with beta 2 adrenergic agonists. This is because tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, leading to increased levels of these neurotransmitters. When combined with beta 2 adrenergic agonists like albuterol, which stimulate the beta 2 receptors in the body, there can be a synergistic effect leading to adverse cardiovascular effects such as tachycardia and angina. Option A is incorrect because TCAs are more likely to cause tachycardia rather than bradycardia when combined with beta 2 adrenergic agonists. Option B is incorrect as TCAs do not increase the risk of gastric ulcers, and there is no requirement to take them with a fatty meal. Option D is incorrect as pulmonary edema leading to peripheral edema and anasarca is not a common interaction between TCAs and beta 2 adrenergic agonists. Understanding the potential drug interactions is crucial for nurses to ensure the safety and well-being of their patients. By knowing how different medications can interact with each other, healthcare providers can prevent adverse effects and provide optimal care for their patients. It highlights the importance of comprehensive medication assessments and the need for interprofessional collaboration to ensure safe and effective pharmacological treatments across the lifespan.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Blocks muscarinic receptors of the bronchi, resulting in bronchodilation. Used to treat allergen-induced and exercise-induced bronchospasm. Rationale: Ipratropium is an inhaled anticholinergic medication that works by blocking muscarinic receptors in the bronchi, leading to bronchodilation. This action helps to open up the airways, making it easier for the individual to breathe. It is commonly used to treat conditions like allergen-induced and exercise-induced bronchospasm. Option B is incorrect as it describes a medication that potentiates b2 adrenergic receptors, leading to bronchoconstriction, which is the opposite effect of what is desired in the treatment of respiratory conditions. Option C is incorrect as it describes a medication that blocks all cholinergic receptors, resulting in bronchostimulation, which is not a therapeutic effect for bronchospasm. Option D is incorrect as it describes a medication that potentiates bl cholinergic receptors, resulting in hyperpnea, which is not a recognized therapeutic use for Ipratropium. Educational Context: Understanding the pharmacological actions of medications is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective treatment for their patients. In the case of inhaled anticholinergics like Ipratropium, knowing that it blocks muscarinic receptors and leads to bronchodilation is essential when managing respiratory conditions such as bronchospasm. This knowledge helps healthcare providers make informed decisions when selecting appropriate pharmacological treatments for their clients across the lifespan.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacological treatments for pulmonary disorders exacerbated by large amounts of secretions, the correct answer is A) Mucolytics. Mucolytics are drugs that help in thinning and loosening mucus in the airways, making it easier for patients to clear secretions from their lungs. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals with acute and chronic pulmonary conditions where secretions are a major issue. Option B) Glucocorticoids are used to reduce inflammation in conditions like asthma and COPD, but they do not directly address the issue of excessive secretions in the airways. Option C) Beta adrenergic antagonists are primarily used to treat conditions like asthma by dilating the airways, but they do not specifically target mucus clearance. Option D) Antihistamines are more commonly used for allergies and cold symptoms, and they do not have a direct effect on mucus secretions in the lungs. Educationally, understanding the specific mechanisms of action of different drug classes is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions in treating patients with pulmonary disorders. Knowing which drugs target mucus clearance versus inflammation or airway constriction helps tailor treatment plans to individual patient needs, improving outcomes and quality of care.