A client has been prescribed a new medication and was told that it was to reduce the risk of developing fatty plaques in the arteries. The client asks how arteries and veins differ. The nurse should explain that arteries:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Arteries carry blood away from the heart, distinguishing them from veins, which return blood to the heart. Arteries vary in size (some larger than veins, e.g., aorta), and they supply the whole body, not just the heart (coronary arteries are a subset).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency causes pernicious anemia due to impaired RBC maturation (often from lack of intrinsic factor). Nutritional anemia is broader, aplastic anemia affects marrow, and embolus is unrelated.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Platelets adhere to rough surfaces (e.g., damaged endothelium) to form a plug, initiating hemostasis. Thromboplastin is a protein, fibrinogen forms fibrin, and leukocytes don’t primarily adhere.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Statins manage cholesterol (A), quitting smoking prevents vessel damage (B), and stress management (E) reduces coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Stopping BP meds (C) worsens CAD, and decreasing activity (D) is counterproductive; exercise helps. (Source: Document, p. 5-6; adapted for single-answer format, multi-select noted)

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Blood pressure is expressed as systolic over diastolic (B, e.g., 120/80 mmHg), where systolic is peak pressure (ventricular contraction) and diastolic is resting pressure. C is pulse pressure, and D/E are not standard formats.