A client has been given a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which statement made by the client does the nurse recognize as the bargaining stage of grief?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it reflects the bargaining stage of grief in the context of the HIV diagnosis. In this stage, the individual tries to negotiate with a higher power or fate to avoid the reality of the situation. By stating, "If I don't do intravenous drugs anymore, God won't let me die," the client is demonstrating an attempt to make a deal with a higher power to avoid the consequences of the diagnosis. This statement shows an element of bargaining and denial. Choices A, C, and D do not represent the bargaining stage of grief. Choice A expresses anger towards the partner, which aligns more with the anger stage of grief. Choice C demonstrates acceptance and a proactive approach to learning about the disease, indicating a stage beyond bargaining. Choice D reflects denial, as the client is requesting to redo the test results instead of accepting the diagnosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because distraction during pain episodes is a healthy coping mechanism that indicates appropriate adaptation to pain. This behavior suggests the client is able to manage pain without it significantly impacting their daily functioning. A: Reporting pain reduction and decreased activity may indicate maladaptive coping or worsening pain. B: Denying pain can be a sign of maladaptive coping or psychological distress. D: Reporting independence from watchers does not necessarily indicate effective pain adaptation and may be unrelated to pain management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Last case. Surgeries like I and D and debridement are considered "dirty cases" due to the risk of infection. Scheduling them as the last case reduces the risk of contamination to other patients and operating rooms. It also allows for thorough cleaning and sterilization of the operating room after the procedure. Choosing option B (In between cases) would increase the risk of contamination. Option C (According to availability of anesthesiologist) is irrelevant to the scheduling of dirty cases. Option D (According to the surgeon's preference) may not prioritize patient safety and infection control.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer oxygen at 6L/min. This should be initiated first because it addresses the client's immediate physiological need for oxygenation, ensuring adequate oxygen supply to vital organs. Providing oxygen takes precedence over emotional support (A), suctioning (C), and administering bronchodilators (D). Emotional support is important but not as urgent as oxygenation. Suctioning and administering bronchodilators are secondary interventions once oxygenation is optimized. Administering oxygen first is essential in managing respiratory distress and ensuring the client's safety and stability.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Calling the client by their case and bed number is not considered an effective way to improve accuracy of patient identification. Here's the rationale: 1. Patient identifiers should be unique to the individual, so using case and bed number are not specific enough. 2. Wrist tags are a common and reliable method for patient identification. 3. Verifying with family members or calling the patient by their name ensures accuracy. 4. Using both wrist tags and calling the patient by name reinforces identification. In summary, choice C lacks specificity and does not provide a direct link to the patient, unlike the other options provided.