A client has been diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). What action by the nurse takes highest priority?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because educating the client on adherence to the treatment regimen is the top priority in managing TB. This is crucial to prevent the spread of the disease and ensure successful treatment. Choice B is important for overall health but not the priority. Choice C is important but comes after starting treatment. Choice D is also important but does not directly impact the treatment outcome for TB.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer includes A and D. Assigning care for clients with moderate persistent asthma (A) and a new diagnosis of esophageal cancer (D) is appropriate for a new RN under supervision. Clients requiring tracheostomy care (B) or post-lobectomy recovery (C) involve complex care unsuitable for a new RN.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) The patient breathes through a mouthpiece into a spirometer until all air in the lungs is expelled and then takes a deep breath through the mouthpiece. This process is repeated three times, and a computer calculates the lung capacity. This is the best response because it accurately describes the procedure for a Pulmonary Function Test (PFT), which is a common test to assess lung function. This test involves measuring lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. By explaining the process in detail, the patient gains a clear understanding of what to expect during the test. Option A is incorrect because inserting a tube into the lungs while the patient is asleep is not how a PFT is performed. Option C is too vague and lacks the detail provided in the correct answer. Option D is incorrect because it simplifies the process by just mentioning a computer, missing the crucial steps of breathing into a spirometer and taking deep breaths for accurate measurements. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare professionals to effectively communicate with patients to ensure they understand medical procedures. Providing accurate and detailed information helps alleviate patient anxiety and promotes cooperation during tests or treatments. Understanding the rationale behind each answer enhances clinical knowledge and patient communication skills for healthcare providers.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of cor pulmonale, which is a condition characterized by right-sided heart failure resulting from pulmonary hypertension, the primary treatment goal is to address the underlying pulmonary condition causing the elevated pulmonary pressures. Option D, "Treating the underlying pulmonary condition," is the correct answer because by targeting the root cause, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pulmonary embolism, we can alleviate the strain on the right side of the heart and improve overall cardiac function. Option A, "Controlling dysrhythmias," while important in managing cardiac health, is not the primary goal in treating cor pulmonale. Dysrhythmias may be a consequence of the condition but are not the primary target for treatment. Option B, "Dilating the pulmonary arteries," is not the primary treatment goal for cor pulmonale. While vasodilators may be used in some cases to reduce pulmonary artery pressure, they are not the primary focus of treatment. Option C, "Strengthening the cardiac muscle," although beneficial in improving overall cardiac function, is not the primary treatment goal for cor pulmonale. The main concern in cor pulmonale is addressing the pulmonary component to relieve the strain on the right ventricle. In an educational context, understanding the primary treatment goals for specific conditions like cor pulmonale is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide effective care. By focusing on treating the underlying pulmonary condition, healthcare providers can improve patient outcomes and quality of life in individuals with cor pulmonale. This rationale emphasizes the importance of targeted treatment strategies based on the pathophysiology of the condition.