A client has been admitted to the inpatient psychiatric facility as part of a court-ordered program. The client was arrested numerous times over the past several months for exposing his genitals and masturbating in public in front of an elementary school. The nurse interprets this behavior as reflecting which of the following?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Exhibitionism. Exhibitionism involves the intense and recurrent sexual arousal from exposing one's genitals to an unsuspecting person. In this case, the client's behavior of exposing his genitals and masturbating in public in front of an elementary school aligns with the characteristics of exhibitionism. The behavior is deliberate and aimed at shocking or surprising others for sexual gratification. Incorrect Choices: A: Frotteurism - Involves touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person for sexual gratification. This behavior is different from what the client in the scenario is exhibiting. C: Sexual masochism - Involves deriving sexual pleasure from receiving pain or humiliation. This is not applicable to the behavior described in the scenario. D: Voyeurism - Involves observing an unsuspecting person who is naked or engaged in sexual activity. This does not match the client's behavior of exposing himself in public.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it aligns with the principles of motivational therapy. The nurse acknowledges the client's autonomy and emphasizes personal responsibility for change. By stating, "You're the only one who can make yourself stop drinking," the nurse empowers the client to recognize her agency in making positive changes. This response respects the client's autonomy and promotes self-efficacy. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not support motivational therapy principles. Option A uses fear tactics, which can be counterproductive. Option B dismisses the client's denial without building rapport. Option C focuses on external factors rather than empowering the client to take control of her behavior. Ultimately, choice D is the most appropriate as it encourages the client to take ownership of her actions and the change process.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because assessing the client's social and cultural norms is crucial in understanding their behavior within the context of their community. By considering these norms, the evaluator can differentiate between normal variations and potential signs of mental illness. Understanding social and cultural influences helps in providing effective and culturally sensitive interventions. Choice A is incorrect because creativity is not a definitive indicator of mental illness. Choice B is incorrect as the inability to face problems can be a symptom of mental illness, but it is not the most important assessment. Choice C is incorrect as the intensity of emotional reactions alone does not determine mental illness; it must be considered in relation to social and cultural norms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct response is A because it demonstrates empathy and encourages self-reflection without invalidating the client's feelings. By acknowledging the client's perspective and gently prompting them to consider the impact of their drinking on their family, the nurse opens up the conversation for further exploration. Option B is incorrect as it dismisses the client's viewpoint and can lead to defensiveness. Option C is also incorrect as it imposes the nurse's perspective on the client and does not consider the complexity of the client's situation. Option D is incorrect as it assumes a causal relationship between the client's life events and drinking without exploring the client's feelings or thoughts.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Alcohol consumption affects psychomotor skills similarly to sleep deprivation. 2. Both can impair cognitive functions, reaction times, and decision-making abilities. 3. Alcohol disrupts sleep patterns, leading to similar impairments as sleep deprivation. 4. Excessive alcohol consumption can result in accidents and fatalities, similar to sleep-deprived individuals. Summary: A: Sleeping in excess of 10 hours does not typically lead to psychomotor impairments like sleep deprivation. B: Misuse of caffeine products may cause alertness but does not mimic the psychomotor impairments of sleep deprivation. D: Working more than 40 hours per week may lead to fatigue but does not directly cause psychomotor impairments similar to sleep deprivation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because acceptance of the terminal nature of the illness is a key criterion for hospice care eligibility. By acknowledging that there is no cure for their illness and accepting this fact, the patient demonstrates understanding and readiness for the supportive care provided by hospice. Choices A, C, and D focus on personal preferences and concerns rather than acceptance of the terminal condition, making them incorrect in the context of hospice care criteria.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because journaling can help the patient become more self-aware of her self-perception and responses to stress. By writing down thoughts and feelings, the patient can identify patterns in her behavior and emotions that contribute to compulsive eating. This self-reflection can lead to recognizing triggers for overeating and understanding how stress impacts her eating habits. Choice A is incorrect because it focuses solely on the frequency of compulsive eating without addressing the underlying emotional triggers. Choice B is incorrect as it emphasizes external factors in the daily schedule rather than internal emotional responses. Choice C is incorrect as it involves external behaviors of others triggering the patient's eating behavior, which may not be the primary focus for addressing compulsive overeating.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stroke. African American males are almost twice as likely as Caucasian males to experience strokes due to various risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and genetic predisposition. This is supported by research and statistics showing the disparity in stroke incidence among different racial groups. Incorrect Choices: A: Testicular cancer - There is no significant racial disparity in testicular cancer incidence between African American and Caucasian males. B: Obesity - While African Americans have higher rates of obesity compared to Caucasians, it is not specifically stated that African American males are almost twice as likely as Caucasian males to be obese. D: Melanoma - There is no evidence suggesting that African American males are almost twice as likely as Caucasian males to experience melanoma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: nursing actions. NANDA provides nursing diagnoses, which guide clinical judgment in determining appropriate nursing interventions. Similarly, NIC (Nursing Interventions Classification) provides a standardized language for identifying nursing actions to achieve patient outcomes based on the identified nursing diagnoses. Therefore, the analogy between NANDA and clinical judgment is parallel to NIC and nursing actions. Summary: A: Patient outcomes - Incorrect. While patient outcomes are the ultimate goal of nursing care, NIC specifically focuses on the actions taken to achieve these outcomes. C: Diagnosis - Incorrect. NANDA provides nursing diagnoses, while NIC focuses on interventions rather than diagnoses. D: Symptoms - Incorrect. NIC is not focused on symptoms but rather on the actions nurses take to address the identified nursing diagnoses.