A client has a prescription for Clonidine to treat hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, it is crucial for nurses to provide accurate and detailed instructions to clients regarding their medications. In the case of Clonidine, a medication used to treat hypertension, the correct instruction the nurse should include is to take the medication at the same time each day (Option B). This instruction is important because Clonidine is a medication that needs to be taken consistently to maintain therapeutic levels in the body for optimal blood pressure control. Taking it at the same time each day helps to establish a routine and ensures the drug's effectiveness. Option A is incorrect because experiencing dry mouth is a common side effect of Clonidine, and it does not necessarily warrant discontinuation of the medication. Option C is wrong because doubling the dose of Clonidine can lead to serious side effects such as low blood pressure and dizziness. Option D is inaccurate as there is no specific interaction between Clonidine and orange juice that necessitates avoidance. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of medication adherence and timing in the treatment of hypertension. It emphasizes the role of nurses in educating clients about proper medication administration to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes and avoid potential harm. Understanding these principles is essential for nursing practice and patient safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, it is crucial for nurses to understand the specific monitoring parameters associated with different medications to ensure patient safety and optimal therapeutic outcomes. In the case of a client prescribed Ranitidine, the correct answer is option A) Complete blood count (CBC). Ranitidine is a medication that can affect blood cell production, particularly leading to decreased levels of certain blood cells. Therefore, monitoring the CBC is essential to detect any potential adverse effects such as anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia. Option B) Serum creatinine is not the primary laboratory parameter to monitor for a client taking Ranitidine, as this medication is not primarily associated with renal function impairment. Serum creatinine is generally monitored for medications that have known nephrotoxic effects. Option C) Serum potassium is also not directly related to Ranitidine use. While certain medications may impact potassium levels, Ranitidine is not typically known to cause significant potassium disturbances. Option D) Serum glucose is not the priority lab value to monitor for a client on Ranitidine. Although some medications can affect blood glucose levels, Ranitidine is not commonly associated with causing hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the specific monitoring parameters for different medications. It reinforces the significance of tailored patient assessment and monitoring based on the pharmacological properties of each drug. By grasping these principles, nurses can ensure safe medication administration and promptly identify any potential adverse effects, thereby promoting patient well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding medication administration instructions is crucial for ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes. For the prescription of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, the nurse should include the instruction to increase fluid intake. This is because Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole is a combination antibiotic that can increase the risk of crystalluria, which is the formation of crystals in the urine. By increasing fluid intake, the client can help prevent the formation of these crystals and reduce the risk of kidney damage. Option A, taking the medication with food, is not directly related to the administration of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. This medication can be taken with or without food, so it is not a priority instruction. Option C, expecting reddish-orange urine, is a common side effect of phenazopyridine, not Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. It is important to differentiate between medication side effects to provide accurate information to the client. Option D, avoiding high-protein foods, is not necessary for Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole administration. There is no specific dietary restriction related to this medication that requires the client to avoid high-protein foods. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind medication administration instructions helps nurses provide safe and effective care to their clients. By linking the pharmacological effects of medications to specific instructions, nurses can promote better adherence and outcomes for their clients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Epoetin alfa is a medication that stimulates red blood cell production, so hemoglobin levels should be monitored to assess the effectiveness of the drug. Monitoring hemoglobin levels helps evaluate the response to Epoetin Alfa treatment and ensures that the client's anemia is being appropriately managed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Grapefruit can increase the levels of simvastatin in the blood, leading to an increased risk of serious side effects, including muscle pain or damage. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to avoid consuming grapefruit while taking this medication to prevent potential complications.