A client has a prescription for Acyclovir. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the rationale behind medication instructions is crucial for safe and effective patient care. In this scenario, the correct instruction for a client prescribed Acyclovir is to increase fluid intake during therapy (Option B). Acyclovir is an antiviral medication commonly used to treat infections like herpes. Increasing fluid intake helps prevent kidney damage by ensuring the medication is adequately diluted and excreted. Option A is incorrect because Acyclovir is typically prescribed for short-term use to treat acute viral infections, not long-term. Option C is incorrect as Acyclovir does not require abstaining from sexual contact. Option D is incorrect because nausea is not a common or severe side effect of Acyclovir warranting immediate consultation. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding medication-specific instructions to promote patient safety and optimal outcomes. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about medication administration, including appropriate patient education regarding dosage, side effects, and necessary precautions. Through this rationale, students can grasp the significance of tailored medication instructions based on the drug's pharmacological properties.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to hypokalemia (low potassium levels) due to increased excretion of potassium in the urine. To counteract this effect and maintain electrolyte balance, the client should be advised to increase their intake of potassium-rich foods. This instruction helps prevent potential complications associated with low potassium levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, "I should monitor my blood pressure weekly," is the correct answer. This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching because Losartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker commonly used to treat hypertension. Monitoring blood pressure regularly is crucial when taking antihypertensive medications to assess the drug's effectiveness and adjust the dosage if needed. By monitoring blood pressure weekly, the client can track changes and provide valuable information to their healthcare provider. Option A, "I will increase my intake of potassium-rich foods," is incorrect because Losartan can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), so increasing potassium-rich foods can exacerbate this condition and lead to serious complications. Option B, "I will take the medication with a full glass of milk," is incorrect because Losartan should be taken with water and not with milk or other beverages. Milk may interfere with the absorption of the medication and reduce its effectiveness. Option D, "I will take the medication every other day," is incorrect because Losartan is typically prescribed for daily use to maintain a consistent therapeutic level in the body and effectively control blood pressure over time. In an educational context, understanding the importance of proper medication administration and monitoring is essential for clients to achieve optimal treatment outcomes. Teaching clients about their medications empowers them to take an active role in their health management and promotes medication adherence and safety. Regular monitoring, as indicated in the correct answer, is a key component of pharmacological therapy for conditions like hypertension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias. The correct instruction to include for a client prescribed Verapamil is to increase intake of high-fiber foods. Verapamil can cause constipation as a common side effect, so increasing fiber intake can help prevent or alleviate this issue. Option B, taking the medication with grapefruit juice, is incorrect because grapefruit juice can interact with Verapamil, leading to increased drug levels in the blood and potentially causing adverse effects. Option C, expecting to feel drowsy or lightheaded, is incorrect as Verapamil is not known to cause significant sedation or drowsiness. Option D, avoiding dairy products while taking this medication, is also incorrect as there is no specific interaction between Verapamil and dairy products. It is crucial for nurses to understand the pharmacological properties of medications, their potential side effects, and any necessary instructions to provide safe and effective care to clients. Educating clients on proper medication administration and potential side effects is essential in promoting adherence and minimizing complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Avoid drinking grapefruit juice. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker commonly prescribed for hypertension and angina. Grapefruit juice contains compounds that can inhibit the enzyme responsible for metabolizing Amlodipine, leading to increased drug levels in the body and potential toxicity. Option A) Take the medication at bedtime is incorrect because Amlodipine can be taken at any time of the day, but consistency in dosing time is important to maintain therapeutic levels. Option C) Increase your intake of high-sodium foods is incorrect as high-sodium foods can worsen hypertension, which is why Amlodipine, as an antihypertensive, aims to control blood pressure by reducing sodium and fluid retention. Option D) Expect a dry cough is incorrect because Amlodipine is not associated with cough as an adverse effect; dry cough is more commonly linked to ACE inhibitors. By understanding the interactions and side effects of Amlodipine and grapefruit juice, nurses can provide comprehensive discharge education to ensure optimal medication outcomes for the client.