A client has a new prescription for Verapamil. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed Verapamil is to avoid drinking grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice can inhibit the metabolism of Verapamil, leading to increased blood levels of the medication. This can result in a higher risk of adverse effects, such as hypotension and bradycardia. Therefore, it is essential for the client to avoid grapefruit juice while taking Verapamil to prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In teaching a client with a new prescription for Amiodarone, it is crucial to include instructions to avoid drinking grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice can inhibit the metabolism of Amiodarone in the liver, leading to increased levels of the drug in the body. This can potentiate the side effects and increase the risk of toxicity associated with Amiodarone, such as cardiac arrhythmias and pulmonary toxicity. Option A, taking the medication with meals, is incorrect because Amiodarone is best absorbed on an empty stomach for optimal effectiveness. Option C, taking the medication at bedtime, is also incorrect as there is no specific timing requirement for Amiodarone administration. Option D, increasing intake of sodium-rich foods, is unrelated to the medication and can actually be harmful in conditions where sodium restriction is advised, such as heart failure. Educationally, it is important to highlight the specific drug-food interactions associated with Amiodarone to ensure medication efficacy and safety. This case underscores the significance of patient education in pharmacology to prevent drug interactions and adverse effects, ultimately optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential side effects and signs of toxicity associated with specific medications. In the case of Digoxin, the correct answer is A) Bradycardia. Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. One of the main side effects of digoxin toxicity is cardiac dysrhythmias, particularly bradycardia. Monitoring the client's heart rate is essential to detect early signs of toxicity and prevent serious complications. Option B) Hypertension is incorrect because digoxin toxicity is more likely to cause hypotension rather than hypertension. Option C) Hyperglycemia is not a common sign of digoxin toxicity. Option D) Hypocalcemia is also not a typical finding associated with digoxin toxicity. Educationally, understanding the specific side effects and signs of toxicity of medications like Digoxin is essential for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Regular monitoring, knowledge of expected outcomes, and prompt intervention are key components in the management of clients taking digoxin to prevent adverse effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Atenolol is a beta-blocker that can cause bradycardia (slow heart rate). Monitoring the heart rate regularly is essential to detect any significant decreases promptly. This allows for timely intervention and adjustment of the medication regimen if needed, helping to prevent adverse effects associated with bradycardia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nitroglycerin should be taken at the onset of chest pain, with one tablet taken every 5 minutes for up to three doses. This protocol helps to relieve angina symptoms effectively. If chest pain persists after taking three doses, emergency medical services should be contacted promptly for further evaluation and management.