A client has a new prescription for spironolactone. The client should be monitored for which of the following adverse effects?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can lead to hyperkalemia as an adverse effect. Hyperkalemia is characterized by elevated levels of potassium in the blood, which can be dangerous and lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, monitoring for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia is crucial when a client is taking spironolactone.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Leucovorin, a folic acid derivative and an antagonist to Methotrexate, is given within 12 hours of high doses of Methotrexate to protect healthy cells from the toxic effects of Methotrexate. It helps to reduce the bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal side effects caused by Methotrexate, supporting the client's overall well-being during chemotherapy treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Diarrhea. Cefotaxime is a cephalosporin antibiotic that can cause serious adverse reactions, such as Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) which can lead to life-threatening complications like pseudomembranous colitis. It is crucial for the nurse to report this adverse reaction promptly to prevent further complications and ensure timely treatment. Option A) Diaphoresis is a non-specific symptom that is not typically associated with a serious adverse reaction to cefotaxime. Option B) Epistaxis, although concerning, is not a common adverse reaction to this medication and does not indicate a potentially serious reaction. Option D) Alopecia, which refers to hair loss, is also not a typical adverse reaction to cefotaxime and is not indicative of a serious complication. Understanding the potential adverse reactions of medications is essential in nursing practice to ensure patient safety and provide timely interventions. Nurses need to be able to recognize and differentiate between common side effects and serious adverse reactions to medications to provide effective care and advocate for their patients' well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Extremity paresthesias. Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic known to have ototoxic and neurotoxic side effects. Paresthesias, or abnormal sensations like tingling or numbness in the extremities, are common neurotoxic effects of Streptomycin. Monitoring for these symptoms is crucial to prevent further complications. Option B) Urinary retention is not a common adverse effect of Streptomycin. This symptom is more commonly associated with medications affecting the genitourinary system. Option C) Severe constipation is not a typical adverse effect of Streptomycin. Gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea are more commonly seen with this medication. Option D) Complex partial seizures are not a known adverse effect of Streptomycin. Seizures are not typically associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics like Streptomycin. Educationally, understanding the side effects of antibiotics like Streptomycin is vital for nurses to provide safe and effective care. Monitoring for adverse effects ensures early detection and intervention, contributing to positive patient outcomes. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about drug side effects to prevent complications and provide holistic patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Ataxia. Ataxia refers to a lack of muscle coordination that can be a sign of neurotoxicity associated with Metronidazole. Neurotoxicity is a serious adverse effect that warrants immediate medical attention to prevent further complications. Option A) Metallic taste is a common side effect of Metronidazole and does not typically require discontinuation of the medication unless severe or persistent. Option B) Nausea is another common side effect of Metronidazole and can often be managed with supportive care or antiemetic medication. It does not usually necessitate stopping the medication. Option D) Dark-colored urine can be a side effect of Metronidazole but is not a severe adverse effect that requires immediate discontinuation of the medication. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential adverse effects of medications to educate patients effectively on what to expect and when to seek medical help. Understanding the difference between common side effects and serious adverse effects helps nurses provide safe and comprehensive care to their patients.