A client has a new prescription for Somatropin to stimulate growth. The client should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Hyperglycemia. Somatropin is a synthetic form of human growth hormone that can lead to increased blood sugar levels by decreasing insulin sensitivity. It is crucial for the client to monitor for signs of hyperglycemia such as increased thirst, urination, and fatigue. Option B) Bradycardia is incorrect because Somatropin is not known to cause a slowing of heart rate; in fact, it can sometimes lead to palpitations due to its effects on the cardiovascular system. Option C) Urinary frequency is also incorrect as somatropin typically does not directly impact urinary patterns. Option D) Edema is not a common adverse effect of somatropin. Edema is more commonly associated with conditions like heart failure or kidney disease. In an educational context, understanding the potential adverse effects of medications is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Monitoring for these adverse effects can help prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Pharmacology knowledge empowers healthcare providers to make informed decisions regarding medication administration and patient monitoring.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Avoid salt substitutes. The rationale behind this is that Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which can lead to an increase in potassium levels in the body. Salt substitutes often contain potassium chloride, so consuming them along with Captopril can result in hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood and can be harmful. Option A) Take the medication with food is incorrect because Captopril is typically taken on an empty stomach for optimal absorption. Option C) Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods is also incorrect because as mentioned earlier, Captopril can already elevate potassium levels, so increasing potassium-rich foods can further exacerbate this. Option D) Expect a dry cough to develop is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like Captopril but is not a crucial instruction that the nurse needs to emphasize regarding the medication. In an educational context, it's essential for nurses to understand the specific instructions related to medications to ensure patient safety and efficacy of treatment. By knowing the potential interactions and side effects of medications like Captopril, nurses can provide accurate information to patients to promote adherence and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Wait 5 minutes between medications if two inhaled medications are prescribed. This instruction is crucial because Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that helps to open the airways, and spacing it out from other inhaled medications prevents potential drug interactions or reduced effectiveness. Option A) This medication can be used as a rescue inhaler is incorrect because Ipratropium is not typically used for acute symptom relief like a rescue inhaler such as albuterol. Option B) This medication should be taken before albuterol is incorrect because there is no specific requirement for the order of administration between Ipratropium and albuterol. Option D) Ipratropium can be used before exercise is incorrect as Ipratropium is not indicated for use specifically before exercise. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to provide accurate and detailed instructions to clients when introducing a new medication to ensure its safe and effective use. Understanding the proper administration, timing, and potential interactions of medications like Ipratropium can significantly impact patient outcomes and adherence to therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, it is crucial for nurses to provide accurate and detailed instructions to clients regarding their medications. In the case of Clonidine, a medication used to treat hypertension, the correct instruction the nurse should include is to take the medication at the same time each day (Option B). This instruction is important because Clonidine is a medication that needs to be taken consistently to maintain therapeutic levels in the body for optimal blood pressure control. Taking it at the same time each day helps to establish a routine and ensures the drug's effectiveness. Option A is incorrect because experiencing dry mouth is a common side effect of Clonidine, and it does not necessarily warrant discontinuation of the medication. Option C is wrong because doubling the dose of Clonidine can lead to serious side effects such as low blood pressure and dizziness. Option D is inaccurate as there is no specific interaction between Clonidine and orange juice that necessitates avoidance. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of medication adherence and timing in the treatment of hypertension. It emphasizes the role of nurses in educating clients about proper medication administration to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes and avoid potential harm. Understanding these principles is essential for nursing practice and patient safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In teaching a client with a prescription for Loperamide for diarrhea, the nurse should include the instruction to avoid activities that require alertness. Loperamide is an antidiarrheal medication that can cause drowsiness and impair alertness, so engaging in activities such as driving or operating machinery can be dangerous. Option A is incorrect because taking the medication with a full glass of water is a general instruction for many medications but not specifically for Loperamide. Option C is incorrect because abdominal pain and bloating are not expected side effects of Loperamide. Option D is incorrect because taking an additional dose after each loose stool can lead to overdose and is not the recommended dosing regimen for Loperamide. Educationally, it is important for the nurse to emphasize the specific precautions and side effects of Loperamide to ensure the safe and effective use of the medication by the client. Understanding the rationale behind each instruction helps the client adhere to the prescribed regimen and avoid any potential risks associated with the medication.