A client has a new prescription for Raltegravir. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in teaching the client?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Raltegravir works by blocking the integrase enzyme, preventing the virus from integrating its genetic material into the host cell's DNA. This action inhibits viral replication within the host cell, making it an essential mechanism of action for managing viral infections.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Filgrastim is a medication used to stimulate the production of white blood cells, specifically neutrophils, to increase the white blood cell count. This increase in white blood cells helps reduce the risk of infections in clients with neutropenia, a condition characterized by low levels of neutrophils.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, it is crucial for nurses to provide accurate medication instructions to ensure optimal patient outcomes. In the case of Alendronate, the correct instruction is to take the medication with a full glass of water after getting up in the morning. This is because Alendronate is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis, and it is best absorbed on an empty stomach with a full glass of water, at least 30 minutes before any food, drink, or other medications. Option B, to remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication, is incorrect as this is a general instruction for bisphosphonates to prevent esophageal irritation, not specific to Alendronate. Option C, to chew the tablet and mix it with applesauce if swallowing is difficult, is incorrect as Alendronate should be swallowed whole with water due to its potential to irritate the esophagus. Option D, to take the medication at bedtime to minimize the chance of esophageal irritation, is also incorrect as taking Alendronate at bedtime increases the risk of esophageal irritation due to lying down after ingestion. Educationally, understanding the specific administration instructions for medications is crucial for nurses to ensure safe and effective treatment for their patients. Teaching patients the correct way to take their medications can significantly impact therapeutic outcomes and reduce the risk of adverse effects. It is essential for nurses to be well-versed in pharmacology principles to provide accurate and evidence-based medication education to patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to monitor for adverse effects of Morphine IV is to check the client's respiratory rate every 15 minutes. Respiratory depression is a potentially life-threatening adverse effect of Morphine, and frequent monitoring of the respiratory rate allows for early detection and intervention if needed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Avoid activities that may cause injury. This instruction is crucial for a client prescribed an anticoagulant for atrial fibrillation because anticoagulants work to prevent blood clot formation, making the individual more susceptible to bleeding. Engaging in activities that may cause injury can lead to serious bleeding complications due to the anticoagulant's effect on blood clotting. Option A) Take the medication with food to prevent nausea is incorrect because whether a medication should be taken with food or not is specific to each medication and not a general rule. In the case of anticoagulants, taking them with food may not impact nausea. Option C) Monitor your heart rate daily before taking the medication is incorrect because anticoagulants are not typically dosed based on heart rate. Instead, they are prescribed to prevent blood clot formation in conditions like atrial fibrillation. Option D) Avoid alcohol while taking this medication is incorrect because while alcohol can interact with certain medications, particularly those affecting the liver, it is not a primary concern with anticoagulants. The main focus with anticoagulants is to prevent bleeding complications by avoiding activities that may cause injury. In an educational context, understanding the specific instructions for clients taking anticoagulants is vital for nurses to ensure patient safety and prevent adverse events. Nurses play a key role in patient education, emphasizing the importance of following instructions to optimize treatment outcomes and minimize risks associated with anticoagulant therapy.