A client has a new prescription for Prednisone and is receiving discharge instructions. Which of the following dietary instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of a client prescribed Prednisone, the correct dietary instruction to include is to "increase your intake of potassium-rich foods." Prednisone is a corticosteroid medication that can lead to potassium loss through increased urine production. By increasing potassium-rich foods intake, the client can help prevent hypokalemia, a potential side effect of Prednisone therapy. Option B, "increase your intake of dairy products," is incorrect because while dairy products are a good source of calcium, they do not specifically address the potassium loss associated with Prednisone use. Option C, "avoid foods high in vitamin K," is incorrect because vitamin K is not directly related to Prednisone therapy. Vitamin K is more commonly associated with medications like warfarin due to its role in blood clotting. Option D, "decrease your intake of protein," is incorrect because protein intake is important for overall health and not specifically contraindicated with Prednisone use. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential side effects of medications like Prednisone and how to provide appropriate dietary instructions to mitigate these effects. By explaining the rationale behind dietary recommendations, nurses can empower clients to manage their medication therapy effectively and promote better health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) 200 mL/hr. To determine the correct infusion rate, we need to consider that the clindamycin injection contains 200 mg in 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl to infuse over 30 minutes. Since the total volume is 100 mL to be infused over 30 minutes, we need to calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr. To do this, we first convert 30 minutes to hours (30 minutes ÷ 60 minutes = 0.5 hours). Then, we divide the total volume (100 mL) by the time in hours (0.5 hours), which gives us an infusion rate of 200 mL/hr. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: - B) 150 mL/hr: This is incorrect because it does not account for the total volume of the infusion (100 mL) over the specified time (30 minutes). - C) 100 mL/hr: This option is too low as it would result in a slower infusion rate than necessary for the specified dose and timeframe. - D) 250 mL/hr: This option is too high and would result in a faster infusion rate than intended, potentially leading to adverse effects due to rapid administration of the medication. In an educational context, understanding how to calculate IV infusion rates is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure accurate medication administration and patient safety. Proper dosage calculations help prevent medication errors and ensure that patients receive the correct amount of medication at the appropriate rate. Mastering pharmacology calculations is a fundamental skill for healthcare providers to deliver safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this pharmacology question, the correct answer is A) 6.5 mL. To calculate the correct dosage, we first need to determine how many milligrams are needed per dose. The prescription is for 650 mg of acetaminophen, and the liquid form is 500 mg/5 mL. To find out how many milliliters are needed for 650 mg, we set up a proportion: 500 mg is to 5 mL as 650 mg is to X mL. Cross multiplying gives us 500X = 650*5, which simplifies to X = (650*5)/500 = 6.5 mL. Option B) 7 mL is incorrect because it does not accurately reflect the calculated dosage of 6.5 mL. Option C) 5 mL is incorrect as it is the amount of liquid required for 500 mg, not 650 mg. Option D) 8 mL is incorrect as it overestimates the amount needed based on the prescription. Educationally, this question tests the nurse's ability to calculate medication dosages accurately, an essential skill to ensure patient safety and effective treatment. Understanding how to convert between different units of measurement and calculate dosages based on prescription instructions is crucial for nurses in clinical practice. Mastering medication calculations helps prevent medication errors and ensures optimal patient care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct statement for the nurse to provide is option D, which is to instruct the client to change positions slowly when moving from sitting to standing. This instruction is crucial because antihypertensive medications can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness and potential falls when changing positions rapidly. By advising the client to move slowly, the nurse can help prevent these adverse effects. Option A, advising the client to limit potassium intake, is incorrect for most antihypertensive medications. In fact, some antihypertensive medications can lead to potassium loss, so restricting intake could exacerbate this issue. Option B, suggesting checking blood pressure every 8 hours, is excessive and unnecessary for most clients on antihypertensive medications. Typically, blood pressure monitoring at home is recommended at specific times of the day rather than every 8 hours. Option C, indicating dosage increase with tachycardia, is also incorrect. Tachycardia is not a common indicator for increasing the dosage of antihypertensive medications; in fact, it may signal a need for dosage adjustment or a different medication. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to understand the potential side effects and monitoring parameters for medications, especially antihypertensives, to provide safe and effective care to clients. Teaching clients about medication side effects, appropriate monitoring, and lifestyle modifications is a crucial aspect of nursing practice to promote medication adherence and positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When managing a client with Benzodiazepine toxicity, the priority action for the healthcare professional is to assess the client. Identifying the client's level of orientation allows the healthcare professional to understand the client's cognitive status, which is crucial for further interventions and decision-making in the care plan.