A client has a new prescription for Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets, the correct instruction for the client is to take one tablet every 5 minutes, up to three doses (Option B). This dosing regimen is crucial in the management of acute angina attacks as Nitroglycerin is a fast-acting vasodilator that helps dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow to the heart muscle. Option A is incorrect as taking a tablet every 15 minutes may delay the relief of pain in acute situations where prompt action is necessary. Option C is incorrect as taking the tablet at bedtime does not align with the immediate relief goal of Nitroglycerin. Option D is also incorrect as there is no requirement to take Nitroglycerin on an empty stomach. Educationally, understanding the appropriate dosing regimen for Nitroglycerin is essential for nurses to effectively manage and educate clients with angina. Teaching clients the correct administration technique can significantly impact the successful management of their condition and improve outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, the correct answer is A) St. John's wort. St. John's wort is known to interact with Warfarin, a blood thinner, by decreasing its effectiveness. This herb can lead to an increased risk of blood clots due to its impact on Warfarin metabolism. Therefore, clients on Warfarin should avoid St. John's wort to prevent dangerous interactions. Regarding the other options: - B) Echinacea: Echinacea is not known to interact significantly with Warfarin, so it is not the best answer in this case. - C) Garlic: While garlic may also interact with certain medications, there is no specific evidence to suggest a significant interaction with Warfarin compared to St. John's wort. - D) Ginseng: Ginseng is not typically associated with interactions with Warfarin that are as clinically significant as those with St. John's wort. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding potential herb-drug interactions, especially with commonly used medications like Warfarin. Healthcare providers need to be knowledgeable about these interactions to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Patients should always inform their healthcare providers about any herbal supplements they are taking to prevent adverse effects and optimize treatment outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding how to properly apply transdermal patches is crucial for therapeutic efficacy and patient safety. The correct answer, option C, "I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair," is the most appropriate because hair can interfere with proper adhesion and absorption of the medication. Placing the patch on a hairless area ensures better contact with the skin and optimal drug delivery. Option A, cleaning the site with an alcohol swab before applying the patch, is incorrect because alcohol can irritate the skin and affect patch adherence. Option B, rotating application sites weekly, is incorrect as it is a recommendation for preventing skin irritation and not a statement indicating understanding of patch application. Option D, placing the new patch on the site of the old patch, is incorrect as it can lead to skin irritation and uneven drug absorption. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of proper transdermal patch application to achieve therapeutic outcomes. It highlights the need for patients to understand key instructions to ensure safe and effective medication delivery through transdermal routes. Understanding these principles is essential for nurses and healthcare providers to educate patients on medication administration methods accurately.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To determine the flow rate in drops per minute (gtt/min), you can use the formula: (Volume in mL x Drop factor) / Time in minutes = Flow rate in gtt/min. In this case, it would be (100 mL x 10 gtt/mL) / 45 min = 22 gtt/min. Therefore, the healthcare professional should adjust the manual IV infusion to deliver 22 gtt/min.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) 0.8 mL. To determine this, we first need to calculate the amount of heparin needed for each dose. The prescribed dose is 15,000 units, and the concentration of the available heparin injection is 20,000 units/mL. Therefore, we can set up a proportion: 15,000 units = x mL 20,000 units Cross multiplying gives us: 20,000x = 15,000 x = 15,000 / 20,000 x = 0.75 mL However, since the available injection is in 20,000 units/mL, we need to round up to the nearest practical measurement, which is 0.8 mL. Option B) 0.75 mL is incorrect because it is the exact calculated dose but not rounded up for practical administration. Option C) 0.5 mL is too low and would result in underdosing the patient. Option D) 1 mL is too high and would result in overdosing the patient. This question not only tests medication calculation skills but also emphasizes the importance of accurately measuring doses to ensure patient safety and effective treatment. It highlights the need for healthcare professionals to be precise in their calculations and administration of medications to prevent adverse effects.