A client has a new prescription for Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nitroglycerin should be taken at the onset of chest pain, with one tablet taken every 5 minutes for up to three doses. This protocol helps to relieve angina symptoms effectively. If chest pain persists after taking three doses, emergency medical services should be contacted promptly for further evaluation and management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is St. John's wort. St. John's wort can reduce the effectiveness of Warfarin by interacting with its metabolism, potentially leading to decreased anticoagulant effects. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid using St. John's wort while taking Warfarin to prevent adverse drug interactions. Additionally, it is essential to educate the client about other herbal supplements like garlic and ginseng, which may also interact with Warfarin and should be avoided to ensure the medication's efficacy and safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C: "I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair." This statement indicates that the client understands the instructions for applying transdermal patches correctly. This is the correct answer because applying the patch to an area of skin without hair helps ensure proper adhesion and absorption of the medication. Hair can interfere with the patch's ability to adhere securely to the skin and deliver the medication effectively. Option A is incorrect because cleaning the site with an alcohol swab before applying the patch is a good practice, but it is not the best indicator of understanding the instructions. Option B is incorrect because rotating the application sites weekly is important to prevent skin irritation and ensure consistent drug absorption, but it does not specifically demonstrate understanding of the instructions. Option D is incorrect because placing the new patch where the old patch was is not recommended as it can lead to skin irritation and uneven absorption of the medication. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to educate clients on the proper administration of transdermal patches to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes and minimize potential adverse effects. Proper site selection, preparation, and rotation are crucial aspects of transdermal patch administration that nurses should emphasize to clients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this pharmacology scenario, the correct answer is A) 22 gtt/min. To understand why this is the right choice, we need to calculate the infusion rate based on the information provided. First, we know that the total volume to be infused is 100 mL over 45 minutes. To find the rate in mL/min, we divide 100 mL by 45 minutes, which equals approximately 2.22 mL/min. Next, we need to convert mL/min to drops per minute (gtt/min) using the drop factor of 10 gtt/mL. By multiplying 2.22 mL/min by 10 gtt/mL, we get 22.2 gtt/min, which can be rounded down to 22 gtt/min since we can't administer a fraction of a drop. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: - B) 24 gtt/min: This option is close to the correct answer but is slightly higher due to a potential miscalculation or rounding error. - C) 20 gtt/min: This option is lower than the correct answer and would result in a slower infusion rate, potentially affecting the therapeutic effect of the medication. - D) 18 gtt/min: This option is significantly lower than the correct answer and would lead to an even slower infusion rate, which could be inadequate for the intended treatment. Educationally, understanding how to calculate infusion rates accurately is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure the safe and effective administration of medications. Mastering these calculations helps prevent medication errors and ensures optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this pharmacology question, the correct answer is A) 0.8 mL. To determine this, the healthcare professional needs to calculate the volume of heparin needed to administer 15,000 units, knowing that the concentration is 20,000 units/mL. The correct calculation is: 15,000 units ÷ 20,000 units/mL = 0.75 mL However, since the available concentration is 20,000 units/mL, the healthcare professional needs to round up to the nearest available volume increment, which is 0.8 mL in this case. Option B) 0.75 mL is the calculated exact volume needed, but in practice, it should be rounded up to ensure the full dose is administered. Option C) 0.5 mL is too low and would not provide the required dose. Option D) 1 mL is too high and would result in administering more heparin than necessary, potentially leading to adverse effects. Understanding dosage calculations is crucial in pharmacology to ensure accurate medication administration and patient safety. Healthcare professionals must be proficient in these calculations to provide effective care to patients.