A client has a new prescription for Nitrofurantoin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed Nitrofurantoin is to take the medication with food. Taking Nitrofurantoin with food helps enhance absorption and reduces the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. It is important for the nurse to emphasize this instruction to ensure the client benefits optimally from the medication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with a new prescription for Phenytoin is to brush and floss their teeth regularly. Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, a condition that affects the gums. By maintaining good oral hygiene practices such as regular brushing and flossing, the client can help minimize the risk of developing this side effect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, can lead to hypokalemia (low potassium levels) as a side effect. Potassium-rich foods help prevent this imbalance and maintain electrolyte balance. Option B) Avoid consuming grapefruit juice is incorrect because grapefruit juice can interact with certain medications by affecting their metabolism, but it is not a concern specifically for Prednisone. Option C) Take this medication with food is incorrect because while Prednisone can be taken with food to minimize stomach upset, it is not the most crucial instruction for this medication. Option D) Decrease your intake of sodium-rich foods is incorrect because Prednisone can cause sodium retention, leading to fluid retention and increased blood pressure, so decreasing sodium intake is not as critical as increasing potassium intake. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding medication side effects and how to manage them through dietary interventions. It emphasizes the role of patient education in preventing complications and promoting medication adherence and overall health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Avoid drinking grapefruit juice. Atorvastatin is a statin medication commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol levels. Grapefruit juice contains compounds that can interfere with the enzymes responsible for metabolizing certain drugs, including atorvastatin. Consuming grapefruit juice while taking atorvastatin can lead to increased levels of the medication in the bloodstream, which may result in adverse effects or reduced effectiveness of the drug. Option A) Take this medication with food is not the best instruction for atorvastatin. While some medications benefit from being taken with food to reduce stomach upset or enhance absorption, atorvastatin can be taken with or without food. Option C) Take this medication in the morning does not directly impact the effectiveness or safety of atorvastatin. Atorvastatin can be taken at any time of the day, as long as it is taken consistently. Option D) Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods is not relevant to atorvastatin therapy. Atorvastatin does not interact with potassium levels in the body, so there is no specific need to increase potassium intake while taking this medication. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the specific instructions and considerations for each medication to ensure patient safety and effectiveness of treatment. Teaching patients about potential drug interactions, like avoiding grapefruit juice with atorvastatin, is essential to promote optimal outcomes and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Take this medication with food. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic medication that is known to cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and diarrhea. Taking it with food helps to minimize these side effects by slowing down the absorption of the medication and reducing irritation to the stomach lining. Additionally, taking Metformin with a meal helps to ensure more consistent blood levels of the drug, optimizing its effectiveness in controlling blood sugar levels. Option B) Avoid eating foods high in potassium is incorrect because Metformin does not interact with potassium levels in the body. This instruction is unrelated to the safe and effective use of Metformin. Option C) Take this medication at bedtime is incorrect because Metformin is typically taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects and ensure proper absorption. There is no specific timing requirement for taking Metformin at bedtime. Option D) Take this medication every other day is incorrect because Metformin is usually prescribed for daily use to maintain steady blood sugar control. Taking it every other day would not provide consistent therapeutic levels of the medication in the body. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the proper administration and instructions for medications like Metformin to ensure patient safety and treatment efficacy. Teaching patients about the importance of taking Metformin with food can help improve medication adherence and reduce the likelihood of adverse effects.