A client has a new prescription for Metoprolol to treat hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client starting Metoprolol is to avoid sudden changes in position. Metoprolol can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness and falls if the client changes positions quickly. By advising the client to make position changes slowly, the nurse helps prevent these adverse effects and promotes safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the appropriate administration and instructions for medications is crucial to ensure optimal therapeutic effects and patient safety. In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Take the medication at bedtime. Ranitidine is a histamine-2 blocker commonly prescribed to reduce stomach acid production and treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and ulcers. Taking it at bedtime is essential because stomach acid secretion is highest during the night, so administering the medication before bedtime helps control acid levels when they are most likely to cause issues. Option A) Take the medication with an antacid is incorrect because antacids can actually decrease the effectiveness of ranitidine by altering the pH balance in the stomach. Option B) Avoid drinking coffee while taking this medication is incorrect as coffee consumption does not have a direct interaction with ranitidine. However, caffeine can potentially aggravate acid reflux symptoms in some individuals. Option D) Stop the medication if you develop a headache is incorrect because a headache is not a common or severe side effect of ranitidine. It is important for the nurse to educate the client on common side effects to monitor and report, such as gastrointestinal disturbances or allergic reactions. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding medication administration schedules based on the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects of the drug. It also emphasizes the need for nurses to provide clear and accurate instructions to patients to promote medication adherence and safety.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: To prevent Otitis Externa, it is important to remove water from the ears after showering or swimming. This helps reduce the risk of moisture buildup in the ear canal, which can lead to infection. Cleaning the ear with a cotton-tipped swab daily can actually increase the risk of injury or infection. Placing earplugs in the ears when sleeping at night may trap moisture and promote bacterial growth. Using a cool water irrigation solution to remove earwax is not recommended as it can disrupt the natural balance of the ear canal.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Fried chicken. Ramelteon is a medication used for treating insomnia by regulating sleep-wake cycles. Fried foods, like fried chicken, are high in fat content, which can slow down the absorption of Ramelteon in the body, leading to a delay in its therapeutic effects. Therefore, it is important for the client to avoid consuming fried foods to ensure the medication works effectively. Regarding the incorrect options: A) Baked potato: Baked potato is a starchy food and does not have a direct interaction with Ramelteon. C) Whole-grain bread: Whole-grain bread is a healthy carbohydrate and does not interfere with the action of Ramelteon. D) Citrus fruits: Citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C and do not impact the effectiveness of Ramelteon. Educationally, understanding drug-food interactions is crucial for safe and effective medication management. Patients need to be aware of which foods can interfere with their medication to ensure optimal treatment outcomes. Nurses play a vital role in educating clients about these interactions to promote medication adherence and safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Tremors are a potential adverse effect of this medication. When educating a caregiver about a new prescription for Albuterol, it is crucial to highlight potential side effects to ensure safe administration and monitoring. Tremors are a common adverse effect of Albuterol due to its stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the body. Option A is incorrect because while Albuterol is used to relieve acute asthma symptoms, it is typically administered via inhalation for immediate relief rather than orally for long-term management. Option C is incorrect as hyperglycemia is not a typical side effect of Albuterol. Option D is also incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that Albuterol can slow skeletal growth. In an educational context, it is important to emphasize the significance of medication education to caregivers to ensure proper administration and monitoring of medications in adolescents. Understanding common side effects and appropriate usage can contribute to better health outcomes and medication compliance.