A client has a new prescription for Metformin. Which of the following adverse effects of Metformin should the nurse instruct the client to report to the provider?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Somnolence.' Somnolence can indicate lactic acidosis, which is manifested by extreme drowsiness, hyperventilation, and muscle pain. It is a rare but very serious adverse effect caused by metformin and should be reported to the provider promptly to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Fatigue. Zidovudine is an antiretroviral medication commonly used in the treatment of HIV. Fatigue is a well-known side effect of zidovudine therapy. As an educator, it is crucial to understand the rationale behind monitoring for adverse effects. Fatigue is a common adverse effect of zidovudine due to its impact on bone marrow, leading to anemia. Anemia can manifest as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath in clients. Monitoring for fatigue is essential to detect and manage anemia promptly, preventing complications and improving the client's quality of life. Regarding the other options: - Blurred vision and ringing in the ears are not commonly associated with zidovudine therapy. These side effects are more likely related to other medications or conditions. - Constipation is also not a typical adverse effect of zidovudine. Constipation is more commonly associated with other medications like opioids or anticholinergics. Educationally, understanding the specific adverse effects of medications is vital for nursing practice. It enables nurses to provide safe and effective care by monitoring clients for anticipated side effects, intervening appropriately, and educating clients on what to expect during treatment. This knowledge enhances patient outcomes and promotes medication adherence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Tinnitus. When a client is starting therapy with cisplatin, it is crucial to monitor for tinnitus as it is an early sign of ototoxicity associated with this medication. Cisplatin is known to cause damage to the inner ear structures, leading to hearing loss and tinnitus. Option B) Nausea is a common side effect of cisplatin, but it is not specific to ototoxicity. Nausea is typically managed with antiemetic medications. Option C) Constipation is not directly related to cisplatin therapy. Constipation is more often associated with opioid use or certain dietary factors. Option D) Weight gain is also not a common adverse effect of cisplatin. Clients may experience weight loss due to nausea and appetite changes associated with the medication. Educationally, understanding the specific adverse effects of medications is crucial for safe and effective nursing practice. Teaching clients about potential side effects empowers them to recognize and report symptoms promptly, leading to timely intervention and improved outcomes. Healthcare providers should emphasize the importance of reporting any new or worsening symptoms while taking cisplatin to prevent irreversible complications such as hearing loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a client is starting therapy with filgrastim, monitoring for bone pain is essential. Filgrastim can lead to increased bone marrow activity, resulting in bone pain as a common adverse effect. Instructing the client to monitor and report any bone pain promptly can help in managing this side effect effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Neutropenia. When a client with chronic myeloid leukemia is receiving hydroxyurea, the nurse should monitor for neutropenia due to the drug's myelosuppressive effects. Hydroxyurea works by inhibiting DNA synthesis, which can lead to a decrease in neutrophil production and an increased risk of infection. Option A) Hyperkalemia is incorrect because hydroxyurea does not typically cause hyperkalemia. Option B) Hypertension is also incorrect as it is not a common side effect of hydroxyurea. Option D) Tinnitus is not associated with hydroxyurea use and is an unrelated finding. Educationally, understanding the side effects of medications is crucial in providing safe and effective care to patients. By monitoring for potential adverse effects like neutropenia in this case, nurses can intervene early to prevent complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes. It is essential to have a strong pharmacological knowledge base to make informed clinical decisions and provide quality care to patients receiving various medications.