A client has a new prescription for Lisinopril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed Lisinopril is to avoid salt substitutes. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can lead to hyperkalemia, hence the importance of avoiding salt substitutes that may contain potassium. Instructing the client to avoid salt substitutes helps prevent potential adverse effects of increased potassium levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client on Labetalol is to avoid sudden discontinuation of the medication. Labetalol is a beta-blocker that, if abruptly stopped, can lead to rebound hypertension and other cardiac issues. It is essential for patients to taper off this medication under medical supervision to prevent adverse effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and specifically the medication Lovastatin, it is crucial for the nurse to provide accurate instructions to the client. The correct answer, which is option C - Take this medication at bedtime, is based on the pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. Lovastatin is a statin drug that inhibits cholesterol synthesis in the liver, and its peak effectiveness occurs during nighttime when the body naturally produces cholesterol. Therefore, taking Lovastatin at bedtime maximizes its therapeutic effects. Option A - Take this medication on an empty stomach, is incorrect because Lovastatin can be taken with or without food. It does not need to be specifically taken on an empty stomach for optimal effectiveness. Option B - Take this medication in the morning, is incorrect because, as mentioned earlier, Lovastatin's peak effectiveness aligns with nighttime cholesterol production, making bedtime a more suitable time for administration. Option D - Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods, is unrelated to Lovastatin therapy. Lovastatin does not require an increase in potassium-rich foods for its efficacy or safety. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind the timing of medication administration is essential for safe and effective pharmacological management. Nurses must have a solid foundation in pharmacokinetics to provide accurate and patient-specific instructions regarding medication administration timings. This knowledge ensures optimal drug effects and patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a client is prescribed Lithium, monitoring serum lithium levels is crucial to ensure they remain within the therapeutic range and to assess for potential toxicity. Monitoring serum lithium levels helps prevent adverse effects associated with lithium toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, and confusion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential adverse effects of medications to educate patients effectively. In the case of Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, the correct adverse effect to monitor for is hyperkalemia (option A). Spironolactone works by blocking aldosterone receptors, leading to decreased sodium reabsorption and potassium retention. This can result in elevated potassium levels, potentially leading to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because Spironolactone does not typically cause hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, or hyponatremia. Understanding these incorrect options is essential for the nurse to differentiate between expected and concerning side effects when educating the client about their medication regimen. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of patient monitoring and education when administering medications that can impact electrolyte balance. Nurses need to be vigilant in teaching patients about signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia and the importance of regular monitoring of lab values while taking Spironolactone to ensure safe and effective therapy.