A client has a new prescription for Labetalol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client on Labetalol is to avoid sudden discontinuation of the medication. Labetalol is a beta-blocker that, if abruptly stopped, can lead to rebound hypertension and other cardiac issues. It is essential for patients to taper off this medication under medical supervision to prevent adverse effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a client is prescribed Lithium, monitoring serum lithium levels is crucial to ensure they remain within the therapeutic range and to assess for potential toxicity. Monitoring serum lithium levels helps prevent adverse effects associated with lithium toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, and confusion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential adverse effects of medications to educate patients effectively. In the case of Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, the correct adverse effect to monitor for is hyperkalemia (option A). Spironolactone works by blocking aldosterone receptors, leading to decreased sodium reabsorption and potassium retention. This can result in elevated potassium levels, potentially leading to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because Spironolactone does not typically cause hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, or hyponatremia. Understanding these incorrect options is essential for the nurse to differentiate between expected and concerning side effects when educating the client about their medication regimen. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of patient monitoring and education when administering medications that can impact electrolyte balance. Nurses need to be vigilant in teaching patients about signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia and the importance of regular monitoring of lab values while taking Spironolactone to ensure safe and effective therapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the administration instructions for medications is crucial to ensure their efficacy and safety. In the case of Levothyroxine, the correct instruction is to take the medication on an empty stomach. This is because Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement medication that needs to be absorbed consistently and fully to maintain thyroid hormone levels in the body. Taking it on an empty stomach ensures optimal absorption, as food can interfere with its uptake. Option A, taking the medication with food, is incorrect because, as mentioned, food can interfere with the absorption of Levothyroxine. Option B, taking the medication at bedtime, is also incorrect because it is recommended to take Levothyroxine in the morning on an empty stomach to avoid potential interactions with food throughout the day. Option D, taking the medication with antacids, is wrong because antacids can also interfere with the absorption of Levothyroxine, reducing its effectiveness. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind specific medication administration instructions not only ensures the medication's effectiveness but also prevents potential adverse effects. It is essential for nurses to educate clients on the proper administration of medications to promote positive health outcomes and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Furosemide is a diuretic that can lead to orthostatic hypotension, causing dizziness and falls. Instructing the client to change positions slowly helps prevent these adverse effects by allowing the body to adjust to postural changes gradually, reducing the risk of significant blood pressure drops upon standing up quickly.