A client has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide. The client should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hyponatremia is a potential adverse effect of hydrochlorothiazide due to its diuretic action. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that can cause sodium and water loss, potentially leading to hyponatremia. Monitoring for symptoms such as weakness, confusion, and muscle cramps can help detect hyponatremia early.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) You should stop taking this medication if you develop a rash. This teaching point is crucial because ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin antibiotic known to cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, including rashes. It is important for the client to be aware that the development of a rash could indicate a serious allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. By instructing the client to discontinue the medication and seek medical help if a rash occurs, the nurse is promoting patient safety and preventing potentially life-threatening complications. Options A, C, and D are incorrect: A) You may develop a cough while taking this medication. While cough can be a side effect of some medications, it is not a common or significant side effect of ceftriaxone. This information is not a priority teaching point for this specific medication. C) This medication can be given orally. Ceftriaxone is not available for oral administration; it is typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Providing this information could lead to medication errors or confusion for the client. D) This medication may cause your urine to turn yellow. While ceftriaxone can cause a harmless side effect of yellow discoloration of urine due to the excretion of the drug, this is a minor concern compared to the potential serious allergic reactions associated with this medication. It is not a critical teaching point compared to the need to monitor for and respond to a rash. In an educational context, understanding the side effects, administration routes, and monitoring parameters of medications are crucial for nurses to ensure safe and effective patient care. Teaching clients about medication-specific information empowers them to take an active role in their treatment and promotes adherence to prescribed regimens.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Diphenhydramine. The client's presentation of facial spasms after receiving Prochlorperazine indicates a possible extrapyramidal side effect, specifically acute dystonia. Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties, is commonly used to manage these types of extrapyramidal symptoms. Option A) Fomepizole is used in the treatment of ethylene glycol or methanol poisoning and is not relevant to the client's current symptoms. Option B) Naloxone is a medication used to reverse opioid overdose, which is unrelated to the client's facial spasms. Option C) Phytonadione is vitamin K, used to reverse the effects of excessive anticoagulation, which is not indicated in this case. Educationally, understanding the side effects of medications and appropriate interventions is crucial for safe and effective nursing practice. Recognizing and managing adverse drug reactions promptly can prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. This question highlights the importance of pharmacological knowledge and critical thinking skills in nursing care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Warfarin. Ginkgo Biloba is an herbal supplement known for its antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects. When taken in combination with Warfarin, an anticoagulant medication, it can potentiate the effects of Warfarin, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. This interaction can be dangerous and potentially life-threatening for the client. Regarding the other options: A) Acetaminophen is not contraindicated with Ginkgo Biloba. Acetaminophen is a commonly used pain reliever and does not have significant interactions with Ginkgo Biloba. C) Digoxin is a medication used for heart conditions and does not have a direct contraindication with Ginkgo Biloba. D) Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor used for hypertension and does not have a direct contraindication with Ginkgo Biloba. It is essential for nurses and healthcare providers to be aware of potential herb-drug interactions like the one between Ginkgo Biloba and Warfarin to ensure patient safety and prevent adverse effects. Patients should always inform their healthcare providers about any herbal supplements they are taking to avoid harmful interactions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of a client with Preeclampsia receiving Magnesium Sulfate IV, the nurse should report a urinary output of 24 mL/hr to the provider. This finding is concerning because magnesium sulfate is excreted by the kidneys, and a decrease in urinary output may indicate magnesium toxicity, which can lead to serious complications such as respiratory depression and cardiac arrest. Option A (2+ deep tendon reflexes) is an expected finding in a client receiving magnesium sulfate, as it is used to prevent seizures by acting as a CNS depressant. Option B (2+ pedal edema) is a common symptom of preeclampsia and is not directly related to magnesium sulfate administration. Option D (respirations 12/min) is within the normal range and not a concerning finding in this context. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of monitoring clients receiving magnesium sulfate closely, particularly their urinary output, to prevent complications associated with magnesium toxicity. It also emphasizes the nurse's role in recognizing and reporting abnormal findings promptly to ensure patient safety.