A client has a new prescription for combination oral NRTIs for the treatment of HIV. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in discharge teaching?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. NRTI antiretroviral medications inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is essential for HIV replication. By blocking this enzyme, the medications prevent the virus from replicating and spreading. This mechanism of action helps to control the progression of HIV infection in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bradycardia is a common adverse effect of Beta Blockers due to their mechanism of action in slowing down the heart rate. Clients taking Beta Blockers should be monitored for signs of bradycardia, such as a slow heart rate, dizziness, or fainting. Monitoring for this adverse effect is crucial to prevent potential complications and ensure client safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Take this medication in the morning to reduce insomnia. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can cause insomnia due to its stimulating effects. Instructing the client to take the medication in the morning helps minimize this side effect by aligning with the body's natural cortisol production cycle, which is highest in the morning and decreases throughout the day. Option A) Take this medication with food to prevent nausea is incorrect because Prednisone does not necessarily need to be taken with food to prevent nausea. Option B) Take this medication at bedtime to reduce drowsiness is incorrect because Prednisone is more likely to cause insomnia rather than drowsiness, so taking it at bedtime could exacerbate this side effect. Option D) Avoid sudden changes in position is incorrect because this instruction is more relevant for medications that can cause orthostatic hypotension, not specifically for Prednisone. In an educational context, understanding the timing of medication administration and its relationship to side effects is crucial for nurses to provide effective patient care. By explaining the rationale behind the timing of Prednisone administration, nurses can ensure optimal outcomes for their patients with asthma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to take is option C: administer the medication into the subcutaneous tissue. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin that is typically administered subcutaneously, as it is better absorbed and has a more predictable effect when given in this manner. Administering Enoxaparin intramuscularly (option B) can lead to increased risk of bleeding due to inadvertent puncture of blood vessels or injury to underlying structures. Administering it into the deltoid muscle (option D) is also not recommended as this route is typically reserved for vaccines or certain medications with specific requirements for administration. Massaging the injection site after administration (option A) is contraindicated with anticoagulants like Enoxaparin as it can increase the risk of bleeding and bruising at the injection site. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the appropriate routes of administration for medications to ensure their efficacy and safety for the patient. This knowledge helps prevent medication errors and adverse effects, ultimately promoting optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology education, it is crucial for nurses to understand the rationale behind specific medication administration instructions. In this case, the correct answer is B) Remove the patch for 12 hours each day. The rationale behind this instruction is that Nitroglycerin patches need to be removed for a 12-hour nitrate-free interval to prevent tolerance from developing. Tolerance can occur when the body adapts to the continuous presence of the medication, reducing its effectiveness over time. By having a nitrate-free interval, the body's sensitivity to the medication is maintained, ensuring its efficacy when needed to relieve angina. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: A) Apply the patch to a different site each time: While it is important to rotate application sites to reduce skin irritation, this is not the most critical instruction for Nitroglycerin patches. C) Apply the patch at the same time every day: While consistency in timing is important for some medications, the key factor for Nitroglycerin patches is the nitrate-free interval. D) Cut the patch in half if your blood pressure is well controlled: Altering the dosage form of a medication without healthcare provider approval can lead to improper dosing and potential adverse effects. By understanding the rationale behind the correct answer and the implications of the incorrect options, nurses can ensure safe and effective medication administration for their patients with angina.