A client has a new prescription for Allopurinol. Which of the following instructions should be included by the healthcare provider?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Allopurinol can increase the risk of kidney stones as a side effect. To prevent this adverse effect, it is essential for the client to increase their fluid intake. Adequate hydration can help in preventing the formation of kidney stones by keeping urine dilute and flushing out substances that can lead to stone formation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to avoid sudden discontinuation of Labetalol. Abrupt discontinuation of beta-blockers like Labetalol can lead to rebound hypertension and other cardiac issues. It is important for clients to taper off the medication under healthcare provider guidance to prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lovastatin should be taken at bedtime because cholesterol production in the liver is highest at night, making the medication more effective in reducing cholesterol levels. By taking it at bedtime, the medication aligns with the body's natural rhythm of cholesterol synthesis, optimizing its therapeutic effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client's serum lithium levels to ensure they are within the therapeutic range and to assess for potential toxicity. Monitoring serum lithium levels is crucial because lithium has a narrow therapeutic range, and levels outside this range can lead to toxicity, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, regular monitoring is essential to prevent adverse effects and ensure the medication's effectiveness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Hyperkalemia. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by blocking the action of aldosterone in the distal tubules of the kidney, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water while retaining potassium. Therefore, one of the most significant adverse effects of Spironolactone is hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. Option B) Hypoglycemia is incorrect because Spironolactone does not typically affect blood glucose levels. Option C) Hypocalcemia is incorrect as Spironolactone does not directly impact calcium levels. Option D) Hyponatremia is also incorrect because Spironolactone's mechanism of action does not lead to decreased sodium levels. Educationally, understanding the adverse effects of medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. By teaching clients about the potential side effects of their medications, nurses empower them to recognize and report any concerning symptoms promptly, promoting medication adherence and patient safety. Regular monitoring and education on adverse effects are essential components of pharmacological management.