A client has a history of tricuspid stenosis, a narrowing of the tricuspid valve. The nurse knows that this valve prevents backflow of blood from the:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle, preventing backflow into the atrium during ventricular contraction. Other options describe the pulmonic, mitral, and aortic valves, respectively. (Source: Document, p. 62, AV valves)

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Normal hemoglobin is 13-16 g/dL (men: 13.5-17.5, women: 12-15.5), aligning with option B. Other values are either too high or too low for human norms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) is best reflected by diastolic blood pressure, as it represents the baseline pressure maintained by arteriolar tone when the heart isn’t pumping. Pulse pressure reflects arterial elasticity, mean arterial pressure balances systole/diastole, and systolic pressure peaks with ventricular contraction, not resistance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: hypertension are modifiable via lifestyle or medication, improving perfusion. Gender (B) and age (D) are non-modifiable. (Source: Document, p. 12-13; adapted, multi-select noted)

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardial sac, adhering to the heart’s surface, and is synonymous with the epicardium (B). The endocardium (A) lines the heart chambers, fibrous pericardium (C) is the outer tough layer, and myocardium (D) is the muscular layer.