ATI RN
Free Medical Surgical Certification Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client had a bronchoscopy 2 hours ago and asks for a drink of water. Which action should the nurse take next?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assess the client's gag reflex before giving any food or water. After a bronchoscopy, the client may have an impaired gag reflex due to the numbing agent used during the procedure. Assessing the gag reflex is crucial to prevent aspiration and ensure the client can safely swallow without the risk of choking or inhaling fluids. This step is essential before offering any food or water to the client. Option A is incorrect because calling the healthcare provider for a prescription is unnecessary at this point. Option B is incorrect because ice chips can still pose a risk if the client's gag reflex is impaired. Option D is incorrect as allowing the client to have a sip without assessing the gag reflex first could lead to complications if the client is unable to swallow properly.
Question 2 of 5
When assessing a client with pneumonia, which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to find?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dullness on percussion. In pneumonia, the affected lung tissue becomes consolidated, leading to dullness on percussion due to decreased air movement. The rationale behind this is that consolidation causes the air-filled lung tissue to become filled with fluid and inflammatory cells, impairing normal sound transmission upon percussion. Incorrect choices: A: Fremitus - Increased tactile fremitus is typically found in pneumonia due to the denser lung tissue, making this choice incorrect. B: Hyperresonance - Hyperresonance is commonly found in conditions like emphysema with increased lung air volume, not in pneumonia. D: Decreased tactile fremitus - This is contradictory as pneumonia usually presents with increased tactile fremitus due to the consolidated lung tissue.
Question 3 of 5
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being taught by a nurse. What nutrition information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D Rationale: 1. High-fiber foods promote gastric emptying, reducing the risk of bloating and discomfort in COPD patients. 2. COPD patients may experience decreased appetite, and high-fiber foods can provide necessary nutrients without overeating. 3. Increased fiber intake can aid in managing constipation, a common issue in patients with COPD due to decreased physical activity. Summary: A: Avoiding fluids before meals is not directly related to COPD management. B: Resting before meals may help with dyspnea but does not address nutritional needs. C: Consuming six small meals a day may not be necessary for all COPD patients and is not as crucial as promoting gastric emptying with high-fiber foods.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse assesses a client who has a mediastinal chest tube. Which symptoms require the nurse's immediate intervention? (Select ONE that does not apply)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Production of pink sputum. Pink sputum can indicate bleeding, which is a serious complication with a mediastinal chest tube. Immediate intervention is needed to prevent further complications. Tracheal deviation (B) can indicate tension pneumothorax, requiring immediate intervention. Pain at insertion site (C) may indicate infection or dislodgement, also needing prompt attention. Sudden onset of shortness of breath (D) can suggest a pneumothorax, which requires immediate intervention as well. However, the production of pink sputum is the most critical due to the potential for severe complications like hemorrhage.
Question 5 of 5
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving nutrition education. Which nutrition information should the nurse include in this client's teaching? (Select ONE that does not apply)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Eat high-fiber foods to promote gastric emptying. Clients with COPD often have decreased appetite and energy expenditure, making it challenging to consume high-fiber foods. This can lead to bloating and increased work of breathing. High-fiber foods can also cause delayed gastric emptying, which can exacerbate symptoms of dyspnea and discomfort in COPD patients. Therefore, it is important for clients with COPD to focus on easily digestible and nutrient-dense foods to support their nutritional needs. Avoid drinking fluids just before and during meals (A) is important to prevent excessive fullness and bloating, Rest before meals if you have dyspnea (B) is essential to conserve energy and optimize breathing during meals, and having about six small meals a day (C) can help maintain energy levels without overwhelming the respiratory system.