A client diagnosed with schizophrenia and treated with risperdal arrives in the emergency department. They walk in with their mouth open and they are having trouble talking. They display muscle rigidity in their neck and mouth. What is the recommended treatment for this client?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cogentin. The client is displaying symptoms of acute dystonia, a side effect of antipsychotic medications like risperidone. Cogentin, also known as benztropine, is a common treatment for acute dystonia as it acts as an anticholinergic agent, helping to alleviate muscle rigidity and spasms. Benzodiazepines (Choice A) are not typically used for treating acute dystonia. Propranolol (Choice C) is a beta-blocker used for anxiety and heart conditions, not for acute dystonia. Valbenazine (Choice D) is a medication used for treating tardive dyskinesia, not acute dystonia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anxiety. In Peplau's model of nursing, the nurse helps patients identify and understand their feelings, with anxiety being a key component in mental illness. The nurse assists the patient in exploring and managing their anxiety, leading to improved mental health outcomes. Self-care (C) is important but not a specific key component in Peplau's model. Suffering (A) is a broad term and not a central focus of Peplau's theory. Nonverbal behaviors (D) are important in communication but not a key component in Peplau's model for mental illness care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Parasympathetic nervous system. When a person becomes sexually aroused, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting relaxation and increasing blood flow to the genital area, facilitating arousal. This physiological response is a part of the body's control mechanism for sexual arousal. The sympathetic nervous system (choice A) is responsible for the fight or flight response and not directly involved in sexual arousal control. The endocrine system (choice B) regulates hormone production but is not the primary control mechanism for sexual arousal. The central nervous system (choice D) includes the brain and spinal cord but is not the specific control mechanism for sexual arousal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it shows active listening and empathy by acknowledging the patient's nonverbal cue. By stating "I notice you keep looking toward the door," the nurse demonstrates understanding and opens up the opportunity for the patient to express any concerns or reasons for their behavior. This response validates the patient's feelings and encourages further communication. Choice B is incorrect because it dismisses the patient's behavior and does not address the underlying issue of why the patient is looking toward the door. Choice C is incorrect as it assumes the patient wants to end the discussion without confirming the patient's actual feelings or reasons for looking toward the door. Choice D is incorrect because it jumps to a solution without first addressing the patient's nonverbal communication. It may not be the environment that is causing the discomfort, so moving may not be the best approach without further exploration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: To have a less positive outcome. Gilbert's symptoms, including academic decline, social withdrawal, and fixation on locks, are indicative of schizophrenia. Given his early onset and gradual progression, his prognosis is less favorable. Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that can lead to significant impairments in daily functioning. While medication and psychosocial interventions can help manage symptoms, the course of schizophrenia is often characterized by relapses and remissions, making the overall outcome less positive. Therefore, option D is the most suitable choice based on Gilbert's presentation.