A client diagnosed with bipolar I disorder: manic episode refuses to take lithium carbonate (Lithobid) because of excessive weight gain. In order to increase adherence, which medication should a nurse anticipate that a physician may prescribe?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Valproic acid (Depakote). Valproic acid is commonly used to treat bipolar disorder as it helps stabilize mood without causing significant weight gain, unlike lithium. It is effective in managing manic episodes and has a lower risk of weight gain compared to lithium. Sertraline, Trazodone, and Paroxetine are not typically used as first-line treatments for bipolar disorder and may not adequately address the manic symptoms. Valproic acid is a suitable alternative for the client in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the symptoms of delusions and hallucinations are classic indicators of psychosis in schizophrenia. Monitoring improvements in these symptoms is crucial to evaluating the effectiveness of the antipsychotic medication. Delusions involve false beliefs, such as the patient talking to himself or believing others will harm him, while hallucinations involve sensory perceptions that are not real. Therefore, monitoring these symptoms will help assess the medication's impact on reducing the patient's psychotic symptoms. Incorrect choices: B: Flat affect, avoidance of social activities, poor hygiene - These symptoms are more indicative of negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which may not improve as rapidly or significantly with antipsychotic medication. C: Loss of interest in recreational activities, alogia - These symptoms are also negative symptoms and may not directly reflect the improvement in psychotic symptoms targeted by haloperidol. D: Impaired eye contact, needs help to complete tasks - These symptoms are not specific to delusions or hallucinations, which are the primary

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the statement "A drug-free world: We can do it!" is an unrealistic and overly ambitious goal. In reality, the production and sale of heroin worldwide did not decrease significantly; instead, it doubled in the 10 years following the slogan. This outcome highlights the complexity and challenges of tackling drug issues globally. A is incorrect because tough anti-drug trafficking measures alone cannot cut global heroin production and sale in half significantly. C is incorrect because a conglomerate of dissenting nations campaigning for the repeal of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is not directly related to the UNODC slogan outcome. D is incorrect because the conversion of illegal opium farms to legal ones does not address the overall increase in global heroin production and sale.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). NMS is a serious side effect of antipsychotic medications characterized by muscle rigidity, high fever, unstable vital signs, confusion, and agitation. This is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Rationale: 1. Muscle rigidity, high fever, and unstable vital signs are hallmark symptoms of NMS. 2. Confusion and agitation are also common in individuals experiencing NMS. 3. NMS is a medical emergency that can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. 4. The other choices, A: Drug-induced parkinsonism, C: Tardive dyskinesia, and D: Dystonia, do not present with the same constellation of symptoms as NMS and are unrelated to the life-threatening nature of NMS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because gene therapy is indeed still an experimental field, especially in the context of treating mental health disorders like schizophrenia. This is due to the complex nature of mental health conditions and the need for more research to fully understand how gene therapy can effectively target and treat such disorders. Choice A is incorrect because the popularity of gene therapy for schizophrenia is not dependent on geographical location. Choice B is incorrect as the high cost is not the primary reason why gene therapy is not widely used for schizophrenia. Choice D is incorrect as it acknowledges the promise of gene therapy for schizophrenia but highlights the lack of sufficient large-scale studies, which further supports the notion that gene therapy is not yet a standard treatment for the condition.