A client complains of sporadic epigastric pain, yellow skin, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and fatigue. Suspecting gallbladder disease, the physician orders a diagnostic workup, which reveals gallbladder cancer. Which nursing diagnosis may be appropriate for this client?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Anticipatory grieving is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for a client diagnosed with gallbladder cancer due to the nature of the diagnosis and the symptoms experienced. Gallbladder cancer carries a poor prognosis and can have a significant impact on the client's emotional well-being. The client may experience feelings of sadness, fear, and loss related to the cancer diagnosis and its implications on their health and future. The presence of symptoms such as yellow skin, weight loss, fatigue, and epigastric pain can further contribute to the client's distress and feelings of grief. As the client navigates the challenges associated with the cancer diagnosis and treatment, providing emotional support and assistance in coping with their feelings of anticipatory grief is essential for holistic care.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: The most appropriate question to elicit information about feelings of hopelessness lasting for 1 month would be related to mental health and emotional well-being. Therefore, asking about smoking habits, diet, voice strain, or spicy food consumption are not directly relevant to the client's presenting concern. Instead, asking about the individual's feelings, thoughts, and experiences related to the ongoing feelings of hopelessness would provide essential information for understanding and addressing the client's mental health needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A non-mobile mass with irregular edges is a strong indicator of a cancerous lump in the breast. Cancerous lumps often feel fixed or attached to the surrounding tissue and may have irregular shapes rather than smooth, round contours. The lack of mobility and irregular edges increase suspicion for malignancy and warrant further investigation, such as imaging studies and biopsies. It is important for this patient to follow up with a healthcare provider promptly for further evaluation and appropriate management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common AIDS-related cancer. It is a type of cancer that usually appears as lesions on the skin, mouth, or internal organs. Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and is more likely to develop in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with AIDS. The risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma is higher in people with HIV/AIDS due to the weakened immune system's inability to fight off infections and certain cancers. Regular assessment for signs and symptoms of Kaposi's sarcoma is important in people living with AIDS in order to detect and treat it early.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct action for the LPN to take in this situation is to inform the registered nurse. The patient's statement indicates a high level of fear and anxiety about the surgery and their potential outcome. It is important to involve the registered nurse, who can provide further assessment, support, and interventions to address the patient's concerns appropriately. Simply reassuring the patient or providing statistics about national surgery death rates may not address the underlying fear and may require additional support and intervention. Asking the family to comfort the patient may not be the most appropriate immediate action as the patient's concerns are specific and may require professional support. Bringing the registered nurse into the situation allows for a comprehensive approach to addressing the patient's emotional needs before the surgery.