A client complained of sore throat after the procedure of EG The nurse observed that the client's gag reflex has returne What measure can the nurse take to relieve the client's discomfort?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide him with ice chips. Ice chips can help soothe the client's sore throat by providing a cooling effect, reducing inflammation, and numbing the area. This can help relieve discomfort and reduce pain. Providing lots of fluids (Choice A) may be beneficial for hydration but may not directly target the sore throat. Providing nourishments (Choice C) is important for overall health but may not specifically address the sore throat. Providing medications (Choice D) may be necessary in some cases, but starting with a non-invasive and simple intervention like ice chips is often preferred.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because after stomach surgery, particularly gastrectomy, the production of intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption, is significantly reduced. Therefore, lifelong supplementation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) is crucial to prevent pernicious anemia. Iron supplementation (Choice A) may be necessary due to reduced iron absorption but is not the priority. Avoiding lactose-containing foods (Choice B) may be helpful, but it is not the most critical teaching. The absence of digestive enzymes (Choice D) might require enzyme replacement therapy, but the primary concern is vitamin B12 deficiency due to reduced intrinsic factor production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because as individuals age, their metabolism slows down, leading to a decreased need for calories. However, the need for protein remains the same or slightly increases to support muscle mass maintenance and repair. Option A is incorrect because nutrient needs do not decrease with aging. Option C is incorrect as reducing carbohydrates and protein while increasing vitamins and minerals is not recommended. Option D is incorrect as high-calorie supplements are not necessary for all older adults and should not be used as a general recommendation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The main underlying risk factor for metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance (Choice C). Insulin resistance is a condition where the cells in the body do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. This is a key feature of metabolic syndrome, which includes a cluster of conditions such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels. Insulin resistance plays a central role in the development of metabolic syndrome by promoting inflammation, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular complications. The other choices, Age (A), Heart disease (B), and High cholesterol levels (D), while they may be associated with metabolic syndrome, are not the main underlying risk factor. Age is a risk factor for many health conditions, heart disease is a potential consequence of metabolic syndrome, and high cholesterol levels are a component of metabolic syndrome but not the primary underlying risk factor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it promotes individualized dietary adjustments based on the patient's symptoms. By eating as normally as possible and eliminating foods that cause pain or discomfort, the patient can identify trigger foods. A bland diet (choice A) may not be necessary for all patients with peptic ulcer disease. Moderating alcohol and caffeine (choice B) is generally advised but not the top priority in dietary education. Avoiding milk and dairy (choice D) is not a standard recommendation unless the patient specifically experiences worsened symptoms with these products.