A client calls the nurse help-line and says, 'My friend and I have been swimming and drinking beer all day and he took a couple of swigs of Robitussin DM (dextromethorphan) about 15 minutes ago. Now he is acting funny and seeing things.' What should the nurse consider when formulating a response?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Dextromethorphan with alcohol causes dizziness and hallucinations , guiding the nurse to advise medical help. Dialysis , opioid status , and addiction are incorrect. D informs the response, making it key.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Some institutions will not infuse a fat emulsion, such as Intralipid, into central venous access devices because lipid residue may accumulate in the CVAD and occlude the catheter. This can lead to complications such as catheter blockage, which may require removal and replacement of the catheter. The build-up of lipids in the catheter can interfere with proper medication delivery and potentially result in infection or other issues. Therefore, to prevent these complications, some institutions choose to avoid infusing fat emulsions through central venous access devices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Preschool-age children benefit from brief, concrete explanations about medical procedures, as they have limited understanding of abstract concepts. Encouraging participation, such as allowing the child to choose a bandage or hold a toy, can reduce anxiety and increase cooperation. Providing comfort measures, such as praise or a small reward, after the injection helps reinforce positive behavior. While magical thinking is characteristic of this age group, it is not an appropriate strategy for explaining medical procedures. Therefore, the nurse should focus on concrete explanations, participation, and comfort measures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Heparin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots. If a patient on heparin therapy experiences excessive bleeding or needs to quickly reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin, the antidote is protamine sulfate. Protamine sulfate works by neutralizing the effects of heparin by forming a complex with it. It is important for healthcare providers to have protamine sulfate readily available when managing patients on heparin therapy to effectively reverse its anticoagulant effects in emergency situations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Simvastatin, a statin, lowers cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, most active at night when synthesis peaks. Evening dosing optimizes efficacy. Grapefruit juice increases levels, risking toxicity. Stopping if normal risks rebound. Breakfast misses the cycle. Evening aligns with simvastatin's pharmacodynamics, key in hyperlipidemia where timing boosts results, making A the key instruction.