A client asks what 'essential hypertension' is. What response by the registered nurse is best?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this multiple-choice question on essential hypertension, option C, "It is hypertension with no specific cause," is the correct response. The term "essential hypertension" refers to high blood pressure without a known underlying cause. This term is used when no specific medical condition or disease can be identified as the cause of the elevated blood pressure. Option A, "It means it is caused by another disease," is incorrect as essential hypertension is distinguished by the absence of a specific underlying disease causing high blood pressure. Option B, "It means it is 'essential' that it be treated," is incorrect as the term "essential" in essential hypertension does not imply that treatment is essential, but rather that the high blood pressure is essential or primary in nature. Option D, "It refers to severe and life-threatening hypertension," is incorrect as essential hypertension does not necessarily imply that the condition is severe or life-threatening. In an educational context, understanding the terminology used in healthcare is crucial for effective communication between healthcare professionals and patients. Knowledge of terms like essential hypertension helps nurses provide accurate information to patients, enhancing patient education and promoting better health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, option A, "We will keep our pets outside," is the correct answer indicating effective teaching by the parents of a child with asthma. Pets, especially those with fur or feathers, can trigger asthma symptoms in children due to pet dander and fur shedding, which can worsen respiratory issues. By keeping pets outside, the parents are reducing the child's exposure to potential asthma triggers, promoting a healthier indoor environment for the child. Option B, "We will install a wood-burning fireplace," is incorrect because wood smoke can aggravate asthma symptoms and decrease indoor air quality. Wood smoke contains particles and chemicals that can irritate the airways and worsen respiratory conditions, making it an unsuitable choice for a child with asthma. Option C, "We will use feather pillows," is incorrect because feather pillows can harbor dust mites, which are common asthma triggers. Dust mites thrive in warm, humid environments like those found in feather pillows, bedding, and upholstery, potentially worsening asthma symptoms in susceptible individuals. Option D, "We will keep windows open all the time," is incorrect as open windows can allow outdoor allergens like pollen and mold spores to enter the indoor environment, triggering asthma symptoms in the child. It is important to keep windows closed during high pollen seasons and use air purifiers to maintain good indoor air quality for children with asthma. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of environmental control measures in managing asthma, emphasizing the role of parents in creating a safe and healthy living space for children with respiratory conditions. By understanding and implementing appropriate environmental modifications, parents can significantly reduce asthma triggers and improve the quality of life for their child with asthma.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In clients with cystic fibrosis, the ion that cannot be regulated properly is chloride (Option A). This is because cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the CFTR gene, which is responsible for regulating the movement of chloride ions across cell membranes. In individuals with cystic fibrosis, this gene mutation leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and other organs, resulting in difficulty breathing and recurrent infections. Option B (sodium), Option C (calcium), and Option D (potassium) are incorrect because they are not specifically associated with the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis. While electrolyte imbalances can occur in individuals with cystic fibrosis due to issues with fluid and mucus production, chloride is the primary ion that is dysregulated in this population. From an educational standpoint, understanding the electrolyte imbalances associated with cystic fibrosis is crucial for healthcare providers caring for these patients. By knowing which ions are affected and how they contribute to the disease process, healthcare professionals can better manage and support individuals with cystic fibrosis. This knowledge also informs the development of appropriate treatment strategies, such as using hypertonic saline solutions to help clear mucus from the airways.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this multiple-choice question on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) rates, the correct answer is A) American Indians. This is because research has shown that American Indian infants have the highest rates of SIDS compared to other racial/ethnic groups. American Indian infants are at an increased risk of SIDS due to various factors such as sleep environment practices, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and access to healthcare. Educational initiatives are crucial in raising awareness about safe sleep practices and reducing the risk of SIDS among American Indian communities. The other options (B) Caucasians, (C) Asians, and (D) Hispanics, are incorrect in this context as research and data have consistently shown that American Indians have the highest rates of SIDS. It is important to understand these disparities in SIDS rates among different racial/ethnic groups to tailor prevention strategies and interventions effectively. Educationally, this question serves to highlight the importance of understanding health disparities and the need for culturally sensitive approaches in healthcare. By recognizing and addressing these disparities, healthcare providers can work towards reducing the incidence of SIDS and improving outcomes for infants from all backgrounds.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the biological process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and water and produce oxygen as a byproduct, which is released into the atmosphere. This is how oxygen is returned to the air for animals and humans to breathe. Option B) Respiration is the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down glucose and produce energy. While respiration is essential for living organisms to function, it does not return oxygen to the atmosphere; instead, it consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. Option C) Combustion is a chemical reaction that typically involves the rapid oxidation of a fuel source, producing heat, light, and various products. Combustion often consumes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere, so it does not return oxygen to the air. Option D) Rusting is a type of corrosion that occurs on iron or steel when exposed to oxygen and moisture. Rusting does not involve the release of oxygen back into the atmosphere; instead, it involves the oxidation of iron. Understanding the process of photosynthesis is crucial because it is the primary way in which oxygen is replenished in the atmosphere, supporting life on Earth. This knowledge is fundamental in understanding the interconnectedness of living organisms and their environment, highlighting the importance of plants in maintaining the balance of gases in the atmosphere for all living beings.