ATI RN
100 Questions and Answers About Infertility Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client asks the nurse about the gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) procedure. Which of the following responses would be appropriate for the nurse to make?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: The correct response is option A) Fertilization takes place in the woman's body. In the gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) procedure, the woman's eggs and the partner's sperm are collected and immediately placed in the fallopian tubes, where fertilization occurs naturally inside the woman's body. This distinguishes GIFT from in vitro fertilization (IVF), where fertilization occurs outside the body in a laboratory setting. Option B) Zygotes are placed in the fallopian tubes is incorrect because in GIFT, it is the gametes (eggs and sperm) that are transferred to the fallopian tubes, not zygotes (fertilized eggs). Option C) Donor sperm are placed in a medium with donor eggs describes the process of artificial insemination using donor gametes, not GIFT which involves the couple's own gametes. Option D) A surrogate carries the infertile woman's fetus is unrelated to GIFT, as GIFT involves the woman's own pregnancy within her own body, not utilizing a surrogate. Educationally, understanding the specifics of fertility treatments like GIFT is crucial for healthcare providers working in reproductive health. Providing accurate information to clients helps in empowering them to make informed decisions about their fertility treatments.
Question 2 of 5
A client is to have a hysterosalpingogram. Which of the following information should the nurse provide the client prior to the procedure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In preparing a client for a hysterosalpingogram (HSG), providing accurate information is crucial for their understanding and cooperation. Option C, "An antibiotic fluid will be instilled through a tube in your cervix," is the correct answer. This is essential information because during an HSG, a contrast dye, not an antibiotic fluid, is inserted through the cervix to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes on X-ray. This helps assess for any blockages or abnormalities that may be causing infertility. Option A is incorrect because an HSG is not performed through an incision next to the belly button; it is a minimally invasive radiologic procedure done through the cervix. Option B is incorrect as most individuals can resume normal activities after the procedure with no need for extended bed rest. Option D is also incorrect as the client is typically asked to hold still during the X-ray rather than move around to obtain clear images. Educationally, understanding the specifics of procedures like HSGs is vital for nurses to accurately inform and prepare clients. Providing correct information enhances patient trust, cooperation, and overall experience, leading to better outcomes and compliance with healthcare recommendations.
Question 3 of 5
A woman is a carrier for hemophilia A, an X-linked recessive illness. Her husband has a normal genotype. The nurse can advise the couple that the probability that their daughter will have the disease is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) 0% probability. Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder, meaning the gene responsible for the disorder is located on the X chromosome. Since the woman is a carrier (XHXh) and her husband has a normal genotype (XY), the daughter will inherit one X chromosome from each parent. The daughter will receive the X chromosome with the normal allele from her father and the X chromosome with the normal allele or the X chromosome with the hemophilia A allele from her mother. Since the mother is a carrier, she can only pass on either the normal X allele (XH) or the carrier X allele (Xh) to her daughter, resulting in the daughter being either a carrier like her mother or having a normal genotype. As a carrier, the daughter will not have the disease. Therefore, the probability of their daughter having hemophilia A is 0%. The other options can be explained as follows: - B) 25% probability: This is incorrect because the daughter will not inherit the X chromosome with the hemophilia A allele from her mother. - C) 50% probability: This is incorrect as it does not consider the fact that the mother is a carrier and can only pass on the normal or carrier X allele to her daughter. - D) 75% probability: This is incorrect as it overestimates the likelihood of the daughter having hemophilia A based on the parents' genotypes. Understanding the principles of X-linked inheritance is crucial in genetic counseling and family planning to provide accurate information and support to individuals and couples dealing with genetic conditions like hemophilia A.
Question 4 of 5
Based on the karyotype shown below, which of the following conclusions can the nurse make about the female baby?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) She has trisomy 21. Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21, as depicted in the karyotype. This condition leads to distinct physical features and developmental delays. Option A) She has a genetically normal karyotype is incorrect because the karyotype clearly shows an extra chromosome 21, indicating an abnormality. Option C) She has fragile X syndrome is incorrect as fragile X syndrome is associated with a mutation in the FMR1 gene, not an extra chromosome 21. Option D) She has an autosomal monosomy is incorrect because monosomy refers to the presence of only one chromosome instead of the usual pair. From an educational perspective, understanding karyotypes is crucial in diagnosing genetic conditions. By analyzing chromosomal abnormalities like trisomy 21, healthcare professionals can provide appropriate care and support to individuals with genetic disorders. This knowledge is vital in the field of infertility as certain genetic conditions can impact fertility and reproductive outcomes.
Question 5 of 5
A woman who has had multiple miscarriages is advised to go through genetic testing. The client asks the nurse the rationale for this recommendation. The nurse should base his or her response on which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) The majority of miscarriages are caused by genetic defects. Genetic testing is recommended for a woman who has had multiple miscarriages because chromosomal abnormalities in either partner can lead to recurrent pregnancy loss. By identifying any genetic defects, healthcare providers can offer targeted interventions or treatments to increase the chances of a successful pregnancy. Understanding the genetic factors at play can also help in family planning decisions and potentially prevent future miscarriages. Option A) The woman's pedigree may exhibit a mitochondrial inheritance pattern is incorrect because mitochondrial inheritance is rare and typically involves specific diseases, not necessarily related to miscarriages. Option C) A woman's chromosomal pattern determines her fertility is incorrect as chromosomal abnormalities may impact fertility but are not the sole cause of multiple miscarriages. Option D) There is a genetic marker that detects the presence of an incompetent cervix is incorrect because while an incompetent cervix can lead to pregnancy loss, genetic testing is not the method to detect this condition. In an educational context, understanding the role of genetic testing in cases of recurrent miscarriages is crucial for healthcare professionals working in reproductive health. By recognizing the significance of genetic factors in pregnancy outcomes, nurses and clinicians can provide comprehensive care and support to couples experiencing infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss.