A clean-catch specimen is also called a __________ specimen because the first and last voiding are not included in the urine sample.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Midstream. A clean-catch specimen, also known as midstream urine, is collected during the middle of urination to avoid contamination from the initial and final urine flow. This method minimizes external bacteria and cells from the urethra. Choice A, contaminated, is incorrect as the goal of a clean-catch specimen is to reduce contamination. Choice B, cleansing, is unrelated to the specific urine collection process. Choice C, stop and start, does not accurately describe the method used for collecting a clean-catch specimen.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased lung capacity. Deep-breathing exercises involve taking slow, deep breaths, which can strengthen the respiratory muscles and improve the efficiency of oxygen exchange in the lungs. This leads to an increase in lung capacity over time. Choice A is incorrect as deep-breathing exercises actually help in clearing mucus from the respiratory system. Choice B is incorrect as deep-breathing exercises do not decrease salivary production. Choice D is incorrect as deep-breathing exercises actually help in increasing oxygen levels in the body by improving oxygen intake and utilization.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the musculoskeletal system stores calcium and phosphorous, which are essential minerals for bone health and muscle function. Calcium is stored in bones and released when needed for muscle contraction and other bodily functions. Phosphorous is also stored in bones and plays a crucial role in energy production and maintaining cell structure. The other choices are incorrect because storing vitamin D (A) is primarily done by the skin and liver, supplying oxygen to cells (B) is the function of the respiratory and circulatory systems, and transporting antibodies to cells (D) is the function of the immune system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Hyperglycemia means high blood sugar levels. 2. In hyperglycemia, the body turns to burning fat for energy. 3. This process is called lipolysis, where fats are broken down into fatty acids for energy production. 4. Burning fat helps lower blood sugar levels. 5. Burning sugar (choice A) can worsen hyperglycemia. 6. Burning proteins (choice B) is inefficient and can lead to muscle breakdown. 7. Burning minerals (choice D) does not provide energy. Summary: - Choice C is correct as burning fat is the body's method to find energy during hyperglycemia. - Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not effectively address the energy needs during hyperglycemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dorsiflexion. Bending backward is the movement of bringing the top of the foot towards the shin, which is dorsiflexion at the ankle joint. Rotation (A) is the movement around an axis, not bending backward. Supination (C) is the movement of turning the palm or foot upward, not bending backward. Opposition (D) is the movement of bringing the thumb and little finger together, not bending backward. Therefore, the correct term for bending backward is dorsiflexion.