A clean-catch specimen is also called a __________ specimen because the first and last voiding are not included in the urine sample.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Midstream. A clean-catch specimen, also known as a midstream specimen, is collected after the initial stream of urine to avoid contamination from the urethra or external genitalia. This method helps ensure a more accurate sample for testing. A: Contaminated - Incorrect. This term implies impurity, which is the opposite of what a clean-catch specimen aims to achieve. B: Cleansing - Incorrect. While cleanliness is important in specimen collection, this term does not specifically refer to the methodology of a clean-catch specimen. C: Stop and start - Incorrect. This term does not accurately describe the process of collecting a clean-catch specimen, which involves a continuous flow after the initial voiding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased lung capacity. Deep-breathing exercises involve inhaling deeply, which helps to expand the lungs and improve their capacity. This allows for more efficient oxygen exchange and can improve overall respiratory function. Increased mucus in the respiratory system (A) is not a benefit of deep-breathing exercises and can actually be a sign of respiratory issues. Decreased salivary production (B) is unrelated to deep-breathing exercises. Decreased oxygen levels (D) would be counterproductive to the goal of deep-breathing exercises, which aim to improve oxygen intake.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stores calcium and phosphorus. The musculoskeletal system plays a crucial role in storing minerals like calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for bone health and muscle function. Bones act as a reservoir for these minerals, releasing them when needed for various bodily functions. This function helps maintain the body's mineral balance and supports overall skeletal strength. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Storing vitamin D is primarily done by adipose tissue and the liver, not the musculoskeletal system. B: Supplying oxygen to cells is the role of the respiratory and circulatory systems, not the musculoskeletal system. D: Transporting antibodies to cells is the function of the immune system, involving the lymphatic system and blood circulation, not the musculoskeletal system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Burn fat. In cases of hyperglycemia from diabetes, the body may turn to burning fat for energy through a process called lipolysis. This is because the excess glucose in the bloodstream cannot be properly utilized by cells due to insulin insensitivity. Burning fat generates ketone bodies, which can be used as an alternative energy source. Burning sugar (A) is not efficient in hyperglycemic conditions. Burning proteins (B) is not preferred as it can lead to muscle breakdown. Burning minerals (D) is not a direct energy source for the body. Therefore, burning fat is the most suitable method for the body to find materials for energy in cases of hyperglycemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dorsiflexion. Bending backward is the movement of bringing the top of the foot towards the shin, which is dorsiflexion at the ankle joint. Rotation (A) refers to turning around an axis, not bending backward. Supination (C) is the upward rotation of the forearm, not bending backward. Opposition (D) is the movement of the thumb towards the fingers, not bending backward. Therefore, the correct term for bending backward is dorsiflexion.