ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A classic example of type III (immune complex) reactions is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction where immune complexes deposit in tissues, causing inflammation.
Question 2 of 5
Clinical examination of a child with large unilateral pneumothorax can show:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A large pneumothorax decreases breath sounds due to collapsed lung tissue.
Question 3 of 5
Hyperkalemia without K+ excess occurs in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In tumor lysis syndrome and leukocytosis, massive cell lysis leads to potassium release, causing hyperkalemia despite normal intake.
Question 4 of 5
A school-age child with chronic renal failure is admitted to the hospital with a serum potassium level of 5.2 mEq/L. Which prescribed medication should the nurse plan to administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A serum potassium level of 5.2 mEq/L indicates hyperkalemia, which can be dangerous for a child with chronic renal failure. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is a medication commonly used to treat hyperkalemia by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine, promoting the elimination of excess potassium through the gastrointestinal tract. This helps lower the serum potassium levels and prevent complications associated with hyperkalemia. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic and should be avoided in a child with hyperkalemia. Lactulose (Cephulac) is a laxative and does not directly address high potassium levels. Calcium carbonate (Calcitab) is a calcium supplement and is not indicated for managing hyperkalemia.
Question 5 of 5
What is the most common cause of convulsions in acute hyponatremia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute hyponatremia causes rapid water influx into brain cells, leading to cerebral edema, which can result in seizures and altered mental status.