A chronic, proliferative phase, of inflammation is characterized by:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the chronic, proliferative phase of inflammation is characterized by tissue degeneration and fibrosis occurrence. During this phase, there is an attempt by the body to repair the damaged tissue by forming new connective tissue and blood vessels. A is incorrect because local vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability are characteristics of the acute phase of inflammation, not the chronic, proliferative phase. B is incorrect because the infiltration of leucocytes and phagocytic cells is typically seen in the acute phase of inflammation, not the chronic, proliferative phase. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it accurately reflects the characteristics of the chronic, proliferative phase of inflammation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin A. Vitamin A can be synthesized from a dietary precursor beta-carotene, which is found in various fruits and vegetables. The body converts beta-carotene into active Vitamin A as needed. Vitamin C (A) cannot be synthesized from a dietary precursor and must be obtained directly from the diet. Vitamin B1 (C) and Vitamin B6 (D) are water-soluble vitamins that cannot be synthesized from dietary precursors.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): 1. A lipoprotein is a conjugated protein with a lipid component, facilitating lipid transportation in the blood. 2. Lipoproteins play a crucial role in transporting lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the bloodstream. 3. They consist of proteins (apolipoproteins) and lipids, enabling solubility of lipids for transport. 4. Lipoproteins are classified based on density (e.g., HDL, LDL), reflecting their lipid and protein composition. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: This describes vitamins, not lipoproteins. Vitamins are organic substances essential for bodily functions but are not lipoproteins. C: Endocrine gland secretions are hormones, not lipoproteins. Hormones regulate bodily functions and are not directly related to lipid transportation. D: Lipoproteins are not mediators of the inflammatory process. Inflammation involves immune responses, not lipid transport.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Choice C: Gemfibrozil (Loprol) is correct: 1. Gemfibrozil is a fibric acid derivative known to increase HDL levels. 2. It works by activating lipoprotein lipase, which increases the breakdown of triglycerides and raises HDL levels. 3. Cholestyramine (A) is a bile acid sequestrant that does not affect HDL levels. 4. Lovastatin (B) is a statin that primarily lowers LDL levels. 5. Probucol (D) is an antioxidant that mainly lowers LDL levels and does not significantly impact HDL levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. Etidronate is a biphosphonate drug used to reduce osteoclast activity in conditions like Paget's disease. 2. It inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts without significantly affecting osteoblasts. 3. Monitoring serum phosphorus levels daily (choice B) is not necessary for etidronate. 4. Etidronate is a first-generation biphosphonate, not a 2nd generation (choice C). 5. Bioavailability of etidronate is poor and decreases with increasing doses, so choice D is incorrect.