A chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine or colon is called

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale for the correct answer (D): Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease specifically affecting the large intestine or colon. It is characterized by inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. This distinguishes it from Crohn's disease, which can affect any part of the digestive tract. Summary of incorrect choices: A: Malabsorption refers to the inability to absorb nutrients properly and is not specific to the large intestine. B: Fecal impaction is a condition where a hard mass of stool gets stuck in the colon, causing blockage, but it is not a chronic inflammatory disease. C: Crohn's disease is also a chronic inflammatory condition, but it can affect any part of the digestive tract, not just the large intestine like ulcerative colitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is a condition where the body cannot absorb vitamin B12 properly, leading to a deficiency. Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell production, and its deficiency can result in anemia. Pulmonary edema (A) is excess fluid in the lungs, not related to vitamin B12. Congestive heart failure (B) is a condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively, not related to vitamin B12. Phlebitis (D) is inflammation of a vein, also not related to vitamin B12 absorption issues. Therefore, pernicious anemia is the correct answer as it directly relates to the absorption of vitamin B12.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice B being correct: Yellow or green sputum is common in acute bronchitis due to inflammation and infection in the bronchial tubes, leading to the presence of pus. This is a typical symptom seen in respiratory infections like bronchitis. Coughing up blood (choice A) is more indicative of a more serious condition like pneumonia or lung cancer. Night sweats (choice C) are not a typical symptom of acute bronchitis but may be seen in conditions like tuberculosis. Excessive urination (choice D) is unrelated to acute bronchitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, "Use room fresheners." Substance abusers may use room fresheners to mask the smell of drugs or alcohol. This helps them hide their addiction by covering up any lingering odors. Avoiding brushing their teeth (A) and making eye contact (C) are not directly related to hiding addiction. Having strong social relationships (D) can be a positive aspect but does not necessarily indicate the individual is hiding their addiction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Exposure to allergen triggers immune response. 2. Mast cells release histamine in response to allergen. 3. Histamine causes allergy symptoms like itching, sneezing. 4. Lymph doesn't directly respond to allergens. 5. Hormones and platelets are not primary mediators of allergic reactions. Summary: Histamine is released in response to allergens by mast cells, causing allergy symptoms. Lymph, hormones, and platelets are not directly involved in allergic reactions.