A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department by the mother, who states that the child has been complaining of abdominal pain and has been lethargic. Diabetic ketoacidosis is diagnosed. Anticipating the plan of care, the nurse prepares to administer which type of intravenous (IV) infusion?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. The initial treatment for DKA requires correcting dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Normal saline infusion is the preferred choice for initial fluid resuscitation in patients with DKA to address dehydration and restore intravascular volume. It helps improve organ perfusion and correct electrolyte imbalances such as hyponatremia and dehydration commonly seen in DKA patients. Administering normal saline helps replace lost fluids and improve circulation, which is crucial in the management of DKA. Potassium infusion may be needed later to replete potassium levels once the patient's kidney function has been assessed. NPH insulin infusion is not the initial treatment for DKA, although insulin therapy is an essential component of DKA management. 5% dextrose infusion is contraindicated in the initial treatment

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Aniridia and hemihypertrophy are features of WAGR syndrome, which increases the risk of Wilms tumor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When caring for Mr. Reyes, the nurse should assess for an altered level of consciousness as it is a crucial indicator of his overall neurological status. Changes in consciousness can signify multiple underlying issues such as neurological, metabolic, or circulatory problems. It is important for the nurse to monitor Mr. Reyes closely for any signs of confusion, disorientation, agitation, drowsiness, or changes in behavior that could indicate a decline in his neurological function. Assessing and addressing alterations in consciousness promptly is essential for providing appropriate care and preventing further complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The American Cancer Society recommends that women have a mammogram annually, starting at age 45, and then have the option to switch to every two years starting at age 55. This is based on evidence showing that regular mammograms can help detect breast cancer early when it is most treatable. Breast self-examinations are no longer recommended as a routine screening method due to studies showing they do not reduce mortality from breast cancer. Clinical breast exams conducted by a physician are also not recommended for routine screening in average-risk women, as they have not been shown to be effective in reducing breast cancer mortality. Normal receptor assay testing is not a screening test for breast cancer and is used to help determine the best treatment options for diagnosed breast cancer cases.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Painless hematuria, which is the presence of blood in the urine without any associated pain, is an early indicator of bladder cancer. This symptom is often one of the first signs of this type of cancer and should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare provider. It is crucial not to ignore the presence of blood in the urine, as it can indicate various underlying conditions, including bladder cancer. While other symptoms like Nocturia (waking up at night to urinate), Occasional polyuria (increased urination), and Dysuria (painful urination) can also occur with bladder cancer, painless hematuria is a significant red flag for the disease.