A child with glomerulonephritis receiving corticosteroid treatment requires dietary teaching. What instruction should the nurse provide to the parent?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to offer the child a variety of fresh fruits. Glomerulonephritis and corticosteroid use can lead to potassium depletion. Fresh fruits are a good source of potassium, which can help counteract the depletion caused by corticosteroids. Encouraging a variety of fresh fruits can provide necessary nutrients and help maintain a balanced diet for the child.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D, "I will use wrist splints to maintain alignment," is the correct statement indicating an understanding of the teaching for a child with cerebral palsy. Wrist splints are commonly used in cerebral palsy to help maintain proper alignment of the wrists and hands, which can improve function and prevent contractures. This intervention supports the child's musculoskeletal health and overall well-being. The incorrect options are: A) Performing range-of-motion exercises twice a day: While range-of-motion exercises are beneficial for a child with cerebral palsy, the statement lacks specificity regarding which body parts need the exercises and the frequency, which may not be sufficient for effective management. B) Applying a heating pad on the child's legs to reduce spasms: Heat application may not be the most appropriate intervention for managing spasms in cerebral palsy. Other strategies like stretching exercises, medications, or physical therapy are more commonly used. C) Allowing the child to rest in a recliner for 1 hour each day: While rest is important for a child with cerebral palsy, passive rest in a recliner may not address the specific needs of maintaining alignment and preventing contractures associated with the condition. Educationally, it is crucial for parents of children with cerebral palsy to understand the importance of therapeutic interventions like using wrist splints to support their child's physical health and function. Teaching parents the rationale behind each intervention empowers them to actively participate in their child's care and promote optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, educating parents of children with ADHD is crucial for effective management. The correct answer, option D - Maintain a consistent bedtime routine, is essential in managing ADHD. Consistency in bedtime routines helps regulate the child's sleep patterns, which can positively impact their behavior and attention span. Option A is incorrect because administering methylphenidate at bedtime can disrupt the child's sleep, leading to further behavioral issues. Option B suggesting increasing stimuli is counterproductive as children with ADHD often benefit from a structured and low-stimulus environment to help them focus. Option C of giving an extra dose of medication if the child is overactive is not safe and can lead to potential overdose or adverse effects. Educationally, teaching parents about the importance of consistency, structure, and routines in managing ADHD provides them with practical strategies to support their child's well-being and behavior. This instruction empowers parents to create a stable environment that can positively impact their child's ADHD symptoms and overall quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pyloric stenosis in infants typically presents with an olive-shaped mass in the upper abdomen due to hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle. This mass can often be palpated during an assessment and is a key characteristic of this condition. Bile-stained vomitus may be seen in conditions such as intestinal obstruction; a distended abdomen can be a nonspecific sign of various conditions, and painless, swollen joints are not typically associated with pyloric stenosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In caring for a child with Wilms' tumor scheduled for surgery, the nurse should include avoiding palpating the abdomen in the plan of care. The correct answer, option D, is essential to prevent the risk of tumor rupture and dissemination of cancer cells. Palpation can potentially lead to seeding of tumor cells into adjacent tissues or blood vessels, increasing the risk of metastasis. Repositioning the child frequently, as in option B, is a general care measure to prevent pressure ulcers but is not directly related to the child's condition or surgery. Option A, palpating the abdomen daily for tumor size, is contraindicated as it can cause harm as mentioned earlier. Option C, preparing the child for chemotherapy, is also incorrect as the child is scheduled for surgery, not chemotherapy. In a pediatric nursing context, it is crucial to prioritize interventions that promote the well-being and safety of the child. Understanding the specific needs of a child with Wilms' tumor, such as the risk of tumor manipulation, guides the nurse in providing safe and effective care. By selecting option D, the nurse ensures that the care plan aligns with best practices and minimizes potential complications for the child undergoing surgery for Wilms' tumor.