Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To calculate the IV fluids for a 19.5 kg child: 1. For the first 10 kg: 1000 mL 2. For the weight between 10-20 kg: (19.5 kg - 10 kg) * 50 mL/kg = 475 mL Total IV fluids = 1000 mL + 475 mL = 1475 mL To convert to mL per hour: 1475 mL / 24 hours = ~61 mL/hr Therefore, the correct answer is B (61 mL/hr). Incorrect Choices: A (24 mL/hr): Incorrect, as it doesn't consider the additional fluids for the weight between 10-20 kg. C (73 mL/hr) and D (58 mL/hr): Incorrect, as these values are not obtained from the correct calculation based on the given formula.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, the 21-year-old with a C4 fracture and quadriplegia. This patient is likely to benefit most from patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) due to the inability to self-administer traditional pain medications. With quadriplegia, the patient may have limited mobility and sensation, making it challenging to communicate pain levels effectively. PCA allows the patient to control their pain relief within preset limits, enhancing autonomy and optimizing pain management. Summary: - Choice B: The 45-year-old with femur fracture and closed head injury may benefit from PCA, but the severity of the head injury could affect their ability to use the device effectively. - Choice C: The 59-year-old postoperative elective bariatric surgery patient can typically manage pain with traditional methods postoperatively. - Choice D: The 70-year-old postoperative cardiac surgery patient with mild dementia may have the cognitive ability to use PCA but could potentially benefit more from other pain management strategies due

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cyclical exacerbation of one another. Pain and anxiety can intensify each other in a cyclical manner. Pain can trigger anxiety, making the pain feel worse, and anxiety can heighten pain perception. This relationship is well-documented in research and clinical practice. Choice B is incorrect because although both pain and anxiety benefit from thorough nursing assessment, it is not a factor common to both conditions. Choice C is incorrect as both pain and anxiety can be influenced by real and perceived phenomena, not solely real phenomena. Choice D is incorrect because while previous experiences can impact pain and anxiety perception, it is not a factor common to both conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Medical futility. In this scenario, the patient's condition is terminal with no treatment options left. Continuing chemotherapy offers no benefit and may even harm the patient. Medical futility refers to interventions that are unlikely to achieve the desired outcome. B: Palliative care focuses on improving quality of life for patients with serious illnesses, which is not being addressed in this case. C: Terminal weaning involves gradually removing life-support measures, which is not happening here. D: Withdrawal of treatment would be appropriate if the treatments were no longer beneficial, but the issue here is the continued provision of futile treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Abdominal pain, chills, and elevated temperature suggest a serious complication like visceral perforation. Step 2: Peritoneal dialysate return assessment won't address the potential life-threatening issue. Step 3: Checking blood sugar or evaluating neurological status is not relevant to the presenting symptoms. Step 4: Informing the provider of probable visceral perforation is crucial for prompt intervention and further evaluation.