A child is brought to your clinic for a routine exam. She can dress with help, can ride a tricycle, knows her own age, and can speak in short sentences. She had difficulty in copying a square. The age of this child is most likely:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 3 years. This child's developmental milestones align with those typically seen in a 3-year-old. At this age, children can dress with help, ride a tricycle, know their age, speak in short sentences, but may still have difficulty with more complex tasks like copying a square. Option A) 1 year is incorrect because a child at this age would not typically be able to perform the described tasks. Option B) 2 years is incorrect as well, as a 2-year-old would not have reached all the milestones mentioned. Option D) 4 years is incorrect because a 4-year-old would generally have mastered the ability to copy a square. In an educational context, understanding typical developmental milestones in children is crucial for healthcare providers like Family Nurse Practitioners working with pediatric populations. Recognizing age-appropriate skills helps in assessing children's growth and development, identifying potential concerns early, and providing appropriate interventions or referrals when needed. It also allows for effective communication with parents about their child's progress and addressing any developmental delays promptly.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best response to the parent's question is option A) Your child's urine output will increase and the urine will become less tea-colored. This is the correct answer because in glomerulonephritis, one of the key indicators of improvement is the restoration of normal kidney function, which leads to increased urine output and a decrease in the characteristic tea-colored appearance of the urine. Option B) Your child will rest more comfortably as lab values normalize is incorrect because while normalization of lab values is important, it may not directly correlate with the child's comfort or overall improvement. Option C) Your child's appetite will decrease is incorrect as a decreased appetite is not a typical indicator of improvement in glomerulonephritis. Option D) Your child's lab values will become more normal is partially correct, but it does not provide a direct and easily observable sign of improvement for the parent to monitor at home. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurse practitioners, especially those specializing in pediatrics, to effectively communicate with parents about their child's condition and how to monitor for signs of improvement or deterioration. Understanding these indicators can empower parents to be active participants in their child's care and treatment plan.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct immediate action for the nurse to take is option C: Remove the infant from the mother, place the infant in the crib for assessment, obtain oxygen saturation, and administer blow-by oxygen immediately. The rationale behind this choice is based on the critical situation described in the question. The newborn is exhibiting signs of respiratory distress, indicated by coughing, choking, and cyanosis while feeding. These symptoms suggest a potential airway obstruction or respiratory compromise, which requires prompt intervention to ensure the infant's safety and well-being. Option A (Inform the physician) is not the most appropriate initial action because the situation requires immediate intervention by the nurse to address the infant's respiratory distress. Waiting for the physician to respond may delay crucial care. Option B (Have the mother stop feeding and observe) is also not the best immediate action because the infant is already showing signs of distress that require immediate attention, rather than waiting and observing the situation. Option D (Continue feeding while monitoring) is clearly not the correct choice, as the infant's symptoms indicate an urgent need for assessment and intervention, not continuation of feeding. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and responding to respiratory distress in newborns. Nurses caring for infants must be prepared to act quickly and decisively in such situations to prevent further complications and ensure the safety of the newborn. Understanding the signs and appropriate responses to respiratory distress in infants is essential for nurses working in pediatric settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) imitating intercourse or other adult sexual behaviors. This behavior is considered highly unusual in a 5-year-old child as it exceeds the normal range of sexual exploration at this age. It may indicate exposure to inappropriate sexual content or experiences, which would require further investigation and intervention by healthcare providers. Option A) touching his genitals in public and B) showing his genitals to others are within the realm of normal sexual curiosity and exploration for young children. It is common for preschool-aged children to display such behaviors as they are discovering their bodies and boundaries. Option C) undressing in public, while not ideal behavior, can also be considered within the range of normal behavior for a young child exploring their environment and testing boundaries. Educationally, it is important for healthcare providers working with children and families to have a good understanding of age-appropriate sexual behaviors in order to provide accurate guidance, support, and intervention when needed. Recognizing abnormal behaviors early and addressing them promptly can help prevent potential issues and ensure the well-being of the child.