A child is being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and the parents are with the child. Which creates stressors for children and parents in ICUs? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In an ICU setting, multiple stressors can affect both children and parents. Equipment noise, as indicated in option A, is a significant stressor for children as it can be loud, continuous, and unpredictable, creating an environment of discomfort and fear. This noise can contribute to heightened anxiety levels and hinder the child's ability to rest and recover. Privacy, mentioned in option B, is also crucial in an ICU setting to provide a sense of dignity and respect for both the child and the family. Lack of privacy can lead to increased stress, feelings of vulnerability, and a sense of loss of control over the situation. While caring behavior by the nurse, option C, is essential for providing emotional support and reassurance, it may not necessarily be perceived as a stressor. In fact, it is more likely to be a positive factor that can help alleviate stress and anxiety for both children and parents. Unfamiliar smells, mentioned in option D, can be unsettling for some individuals, but in the context of an ICU, it may not be as significant of a stressor as equipment noise or lack of privacy. In an educational context, understanding the various stressors that children and parents may experience in an ICU is critical for healthcare providers. By recognizing and addressing these stressors, nurses and other healthcare professionals can create a more supportive and comforting environment for both the child and the family, ultimately contributing to better outcomes and experiences for all involved.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, understanding the importance of nutrition in preventing obesity is crucial for pediatric patients. The correct answer is option A, which is to eat breakfast daily. This is because eating a healthy breakfast can kickstart metabolism, reduce overall calorie intake throughout the day, and help in maintaining a healthy weight. Option B, limiting fruits and vegetables, is incorrect as these are essential components of a balanced diet and provide important vitamins, minerals, and fiber necessary for overall health. Option C, having frequent family meals with parents present, is important as it promotes healthy eating habits, social interaction, and communication within the family, which can positively impact a child's nutritional choices and overall well-being. Option D, eating frequently at restaurants, is incorrect as restaurant meals often contain higher amounts of unhealthy fats, sugars, and calories compared to home-cooked meals, which can contribute to weight gain and obesity in children. Educationally, it is important to teach children and their families about the significance of healthy eating habits, regular meals, and the impact of food choices on their health. By promoting behaviors like eating a nutritious breakfast daily and having family meals together, nurses can play a key role in preventing obesity and promoting overall wellness in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should include in the teaching that the parent will need to avoid adding salt to the child's food. This is important because reducing salt intake helps to decrease fluid retention and swelling in the body, which is critical for managing edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Excessive salt intake can worsen edema by causing the body to retain more fluid, so it is crucial to limit salt in the child's diet. This dietary modification can help improve the child's condition and overall health outcome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nephrotic syndrome, the correct clinical manifestation to expect is B) Facial edema. This is due to the loss of proteins in the urine, leading to decreased plasma oncotic pressure and fluid shifting into the interstitial spaces, particularly around the eyes and face. A) Weight loss is not a typical finding in nephrotic syndrome as there is actually fluid retention leading to weight gain. C) Cloudy smoky brown-colored urine is not a common manifestation of nephrotic syndrome but may indicate other renal issues or conditions like acute glomerulonephritis. D) Fatigue can be a nonspecific symptom in many conditions and is not a hallmark sign of nephrotic syndrome. In an educational context, understanding the pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome and its clinical manifestations is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing these signs can help in early identification, prompt intervention, and optimal management to improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In infants with heart failure, they may have increased metabolic demands due to their condition. Thus, it may be necessary to increase the caloric density of the infant's formula to ensure adequate nutrition and energy intake. This can help support the infant's growth and provide the necessary energy for their increased metabolic needs. Increasing the amount of formula or feeding too frequently (every 2 hours) may not be necessary and could lead to other issues like overfeeding. Placing a nasal oxygen cannula on the infant during and after each feeding (Option D) is not typically related to feeding practices for an infant with heart failure.