A child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. What should the nurse expect the urinalysis to show during the acute phase?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse should expect the urinalysis to show hematuria (blood in the urine) and proteinuria (excess protein in the urine) during the acute phase of glomerulonephritis. Hematuria is a common finding due to the inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, which allows red blood cells to leak into the urine. Proteinuria occurs because the damaged glomeruli are unable to effectively filter out proteins, leading to their presence in the urine. Bacteriuria and increased specific gravity are not typically associated with acute glomerulonephritis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat infants with heart conditions. One of the primary concerns with digoxin therapy is the risk of toxicity, which can lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias. Bradycardia, or a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute, is a common sign of digoxin toxicity. Therefore, if a 6-month-old infant receiving digoxin has an apical pulse rate of less than 60 beats/min, the nurse should notify the practitioner and withhold the medication to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are often referred to as "good" cholesterol because they help remove other forms of cholesterol from your bloodstream, including low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) which are considered "bad" cholesterol. HDLs play a protective role in preventing cardiovascular disease as they transport cholesterol from the arteries to the liver for excretion. Therefore, having higher levels of HDL cholesterol is associated with a lower risk of heart disease, making it an important focus when discussing hyperlipidemia prevention strategies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of a female client age 66 admitted for a nephrolithotomy with a urinary tract infection, the best nursing action is to encourage fluid intake of 3000ml/day. Adequate hydration helps in flushing out the bacteria causing the urinary tract infection and can prevent further complications. Increasing fluid intake also helps in preventing the formation of new kidney stones. Administering IV fluids and blood transfusions may be necessary based on the patient's overall condition, but the priority action in this case is to promote increased oral fluid intake. Administering narcotic analgesics as prescribed can help manage pain related to the nephrolithotomy procedure, but it does not directly address the urinary tract infection. Suggesting taking herbs or spices to increase food palatability is not the priority in this situation and may not contribute significantly to the management of the urinary tract infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: After a litholapaxy surgery for bladder stones, it is common for the urethral catheter to remain in place for 1-2 days. This timeframe allows for adequate drainage and healing of the bladder following the procedure. The healthcare team will monitor the patient's progress and determine the appropriate timing for catheter removal based on individual factors such as the size of the stones removed and the patient's overall condition. Early removal of the catheter may increase the risk of complications, while leaving it in place for too long may also lead to problems such as infection. Therefore, the recommended duration of 1-2 days strikes a balance between allowing for proper healing and minimizing potential issues related to catheterization.