ATI RN
Cardiovascular Conditions Pediatrics Test Bank Questions Free Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child has a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3, HR of 88 beats per minute and regular, respiratory rate of 22, BP of 78/52, and blood sugar of 35 mg/dL. The nurse asks the caregiver about accidental ingestion of which drug?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) Beta blocker. In a scenario where a child presents with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3, bradycardia (HR of 88), hypotension (BP 78/52), and hypoglycemia (blood sugar of 35 mg/dL), the most likely cause would be a beta blocker overdose. Beta blockers can lead to decreased heart rate, hypotension, altered mental status, and hypoglycemia. A) Calcium channel blockers primarily cause hypotension and bradycardia but are less likely to cause hypoglycemia or altered mental status in overdose situations. C) ACE inhibitors and D) ARBs are less likely to cause the combination of symptoms seen in this case. ACE inhibitors and ARBs primarily cause hypotension and renal insufficiency in overdose situations. In an educational context, understanding the toxic effects of different cardiovascular medications is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of drug toxicity can help in prompt identification and management of overdoses, thereby improving patient outcomes. It is essential for nurses to be familiar with the specific effects of different drug classes to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients.
Question 2 of 5
During play, a toddler with a history of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) might assume which position?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the case of a toddler with a history of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the correct position they may assume during play is squatting (Option C). This is because squatting helps reduce the systemic vascular resistance by increasing the systemic venous return to the heart, ultimately leading to an increase in systemic circulation. This position helps improve the mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood in the heart, which can be beneficial for a child with TOF as it helps increase oxygen saturation levels. Sitting (Option A) and standing (Option D) are less likely positions for a child with TOF during play because they do not promote the same physiological benefits as squatting. Sitting and standing do not assist in optimizing systemic circulation in the same way squatting does for a child with TOF. Supine (Option B) is also not the preferred position for a child with TOF during play, as lying flat can potentially worsen cyanosis by reducing venous return and increasing systemic vascular resistance. In an educational context, understanding the preferred positions for children with specific cardiovascular conditions like TOF is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers working in pediatric settings. This knowledge helps in promoting optimal circulation and oxygenation in these patients, ultimately contributing to their overall well-being and health outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
The most common cardiac dysrhythmia in pediatrics is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) Supraventricular tachycardia. In pediatrics, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia. SVT is characterized by a rapid heart rate originating above the ventricles. This dysrhythmia can present with symptoms such as palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, and fatigue in pediatric patients. Option A) Ventricular tachycardia is less common in pediatric patients compared to SVT. Ventricular tachycardia is a serious arrhythmia that originates in the ventricles and can lead to hemodynamic instability. Option B) Sinus bradycardia refers to a slow heart rate originating from the sinus node. While it can occur in pediatrics, it is not as common as SVT. Option D) First-degree heart block is a conduction abnormality characterized by a delay in the electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles. It is not typically the most common dysrhythmia in pediatrics. Understanding the prevalence of different cardiac dysrhythmias in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers involved in the care of children with cardiovascular conditions. Recognizing and managing SVT promptly is essential to prevent complications and ensure optimal outcomes for pediatric patients.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for an 8-year-old girl whose parents indicate she has developed spastic movements of her extremities and trunk, facial grimace, and speech disturbances. They state it seems worse when she is anxious and does not occur while sleeping. The nurse questions the parents about which recent illness?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Strep throat. This child is presenting with symptoms suggestive of Sydenham chorea, a complication of untreated streptococcal infection. Sydenham chorea is characterized by spastic movements, facial grimaces, and speech disturbances, worsened by anxiety and relieved by sleep. Understanding this association between streptococcal infection and Sydenham chorea is crucial for nurses to provide appropriate care and education to patients and families. A) Kawasaki disease (KD) is unlikely in this case as it presents with symptoms like fever, rash, conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, and swollen hands/feet. These symptoms do not align with the clinical presentation described in the question. C) Malignant hypertension typically presents with severe hypertension, headache, blurred vision, and can lead to end-organ damage. The symptoms described do not match those of malignant hypertension. D) Atrial fibrillation is an abnormal heart rhythm that can present with palpitations, chest discomfort, dizziness, and fatigue. The symptoms described in the question are not indicative of atrial fibrillation. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about the various manifestations of different conditions, especially in pediatrics, to provide timely and effective care. Understanding the link between streptococcal infection and Sydenham chorea can prompt early intervention and prevent long-term complications.
Question 5 of 5
What should the nurse assess prior to administering digoxin? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In pediatric patients, administering digoxin requires a thorough assessment to ensure safe and effective medication administration. The correct answer is option B, which is to assess the apical pulse rate. This is crucial because digoxin is a medication that affects the heart by increasing the strength and efficiency of its contractions. Monitoring the pulse rate helps to prevent potential toxicity, as bradycardia is a common sign of digoxin overdose in children. Option A, assessing the sclera, is not directly related to digoxin administration in pediatrics. While jaundice may indicate liver dysfunction, it is not a specific assessment for digoxin. Option C, assessing cough, is not a primary concern before administering digoxin. Cough could be indicative of respiratory issues or other conditions, but it is not a direct consideration for digoxin administration. Option D, liver function tests, are important for monitoring patients on long-term digoxin therapy due to the drug's hepatic metabolism. However, this is not typically assessed prior to a single dose administration of digoxin in a pediatric setting. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind assessing the apical pulse rate before administering digoxin highlights the importance of tailored assessments for pediatric patients to ensure medication safety and efficacy. Nurses must be diligent in their assessments to prevent adverse reactions and promote positive patient outcomes.