A characteristic of a post-term infant who weighs 7 lb, 12 oz, and who lost weight in utero, is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: lack of subcutaneous fat. Post-term infants who have lost weight in utero typically have decreased subcutaneous fat deposition, leading to a lean appearance. This is due to prolonged gestation and increased metabolic demands. Option A is incorrect as soft and supple skin is not specific to post-term infants. Option B is incorrect because a hematocrit level of 55% is not typical for a post-term infant. Option D is incorrect as an abundance of vernix caseosa is typically present in preterm infants, not post-term infants. Thus, the lack of subcutaneous fat is the most characteristic feature in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because in asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction, the head appears large compared to the rest of the body due to preferential brain sparing. This is a result of inadequate nutrient supply to the fetus, leading to the brain receiving more nutrients at the expense of the body. Choice A is incorrect because in asymmetric growth restriction, body parts are not proportionate. Choice B is incorrect because extremities being disproportionate is not a characteristic of asymmetric growth restriction. Choice D is incorrect because the asymmetry in growth is primarily related to the head-body disproportion, not one side of the body being smaller.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: clavicle fractures. Macrosomic infants are at increased risk for birth injuries, such as clavicle fractures, due to their larger size during vaginal birth. This evaluation is crucial for early detection and appropriate management. Incorrect choices: A: Hyperglycemia is not typically a direct concern following vaginal birth of a macrosomic infant. C: Hyperthermia is not a common issue in this scenario unless there are other contributing factors. D: An increase in red blood cells is not a primary concern immediately after birth and is not specifically related to macrosomia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the infant is exhibiting periodic breathing, a common phenomenon in newborns where they have brief periods of apnea followed by rapid respirations. This is a normal finding in many healthy newborns and does not necessarily indicate a serious medical issue. Continuous monitoring is necessary to ensure the infant's respiratory pattern stabilizes over time. Choice A (RDS) is incorrect because the infant's color and heart rate are unchanged, which are not typical signs of respiratory distress syndrome. Choice B is incorrect because tactile stimulation is not needed for periodic breathing episodes in newborns unless there are additional concerning symptoms present. Choice D is incorrect because CPAP is not typically indicated for periodic breathing episodes in a healthy newborn without other respiratory issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a traumatic birth, especially with a large infant, increases the risk of hypoglycemia due to stress and metabolic demands. Monitoring blood sugar levels is crucial to detect hyperglycemia and prevent complications. Evaluating gestational age (A) is important for assessing developmental milestones but not immediately relevant post-trauma. Flexion of both upper extremities (B) may indicate neurological issues but is not specific to traumatic birth. Infant's percentile on growth chart (C) is important for overall growth assessment but not a priority in this scenario.