ATI RN
Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A category 5 hurricane is approaching. Which change in an individual’s vital signs is most likely?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a category 5 hurricane approaching can induce stress and anxiety, leading to an increase in blood pressure. This is a natural physiological response known as the "fight or flight" response. Choices A, B, and C are less likely as they do not directly correlate with the physiological response to stress caused by a hurricane. Choice A shows a decrease in pulse rate, which is unlikely during a stressful situation. Choice B indicates a decrease in pupil size, which is not a common response to stress. Choice C, complaints of intestinal cramping, may occur due to anxiety but are not the most likely vital sign change during a hurricane approaching.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is being prepared for an oral endoscopy, and the nurse anesthetist reminds him that he will be awake during the procedure but probably will not remember it. What type of anesthetic technique is used in this situation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Moderate sedation. In this situation, the nurse anesthetist mentions that the patient will be awake but likely won't remember the procedure, indicating the use of moderate sedation. Moderate sedation involves administering medications to induce a depressed level of consciousness while maintaining the patient's ability to independently maintain their airway and respond to verbal commands. Local anesthesia (A) involves numbing a specific area of the body. Topical anesthesia (C) is used on mucous membranes or skin surfaces. Spinal anesthesia (D) involves injecting anesthesia into the spinal canal to numb a larger region of the body.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus has been found to have trace proteinuria. The prescriber writes an order for an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. What is the main reason for prescribing this class of drug for this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Renal protective effects. ACE inhibitors are commonly prescribed in patients with type 2 diabetes and proteinuria to help protect the kidneys by reducing intraglomerular pressure and decreasing protein leakage. This helps slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Choice A is incorrect because while ACE inhibitors do have some cardioprotective effects, the primary reason for prescribing in this case is renal protection. Choice C is incorrect as reducing blood pressure is a secondary benefit of ACE inhibitors in this scenario. Choice D is incorrect as promoting fluid output is not the main mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors in this context.
Question 4 of 5
A patient reports having adverse effects with nicotinic acid (niacin). The nurse can suggest performing which action to minimize these undesirable effects?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Take an aspirin tablet 30 minutes before taking the drug. This is because aspirin helps reduce flushing, a common adverse effect of niacin. Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, which is responsible for vasodilation leading to flushing. Taking niacin on an empty stomach (A) may worsen gastrointestinal side effects. Taking the medication every other day (B) may not effectively manage the adverse effects. Taking the drug with large amounts of fiber (D) is not proven to minimize niacin's adverse effects.
Question 5 of 5
A patient newly diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) has been taking antitubercular drugs for 1 week calls the clinic and is very upset. He says, “My urine is dark orange! What’s wrong with me?” Which response by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because dark orange urine is a known side effect of antitubercular drugs, specifically rifampin. The nurse should reassure the patient that this is an expected reaction and educate him on what to expect while on the medication. This response helps alleviate the patient's concerns and promotes adherence to the treatment plan. Choice A is incorrect because stopping the medication abruptly can lead to treatment failure. Choice B is incorrect as dark orange urine is not indicative of worsening TB. Choice C is incorrect because it dismisses the patient's concern and does not provide proper information regarding the side effect.